Factors influencing long-term survival after aortic valve replacement.

In the aortic stenosis group, the left ventricular (LV) muscle mass index was a good parameter for predicting the prognosis. Associated mitral valve disease had no influence on long term survival after aortic valve replacement. In the aortic insufficiency group, associated mitral valve disease had a marked influence on the results of aortic valve replacement. In general, the aortic insufficiency group had less clinical improvement postoperatively than the aortic stenosis group. In the annuloaortic ectasia group, left ventricular enddiastolic pressure (LVEDP) might be the predictor to the prognosis. This group had the worst prognosis, of the three groups. Early operation should be considered for patients who have no, or only mild symptoms of, aortic valve disease.</p

Studies on Lipid Changes During the Development of Frost Hardiness in Chlorella ellipsoidea

Chlorella ellipsoidea cells at an intermediate stage in the ripening phase of the cell cycle were hardened at 3℃ for 48 hr. Lipid changes during the development of frost hardiness were measured. Phospholipids and glycolipids increased from 0.4 μmoles to 1.2 μmoles/10^9 cells and from 0.9 μmoles to 1.6 μmoles/10^9 cells, respectively. The ratio of lipid (mg)/protein (mg) in hardened cells was about 1.4 times that in unhardened cells. These results suggest that the algal cells change into more lipid-enriched state during the development of frost hardiness and that considerable change in lipid metabolism is involved in the development of the algal hardiness. Moreover, the ratios of individual phospholipids to monogalactosyl diglyceride tended to increase during the hardening process. Non-polar lipid which remarkably increased with an increase in frost hardiness was detected. According to studies on inhibitory effect of oligomycin or 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1, 1-dimethylurea on the increase of frost hardiness, the non-polar lipid was always synthesized whenever the algal cells developed the frost hardiness. These results suggest the existence of an intimate correlation between the content of the non-polar lipid and frost hardiness and the importance of the non-polar lipid in lipid metabolism associated with the hardiness change in Chlorella

Studies on Lipid Changes During the Development of Frost Hardiness in Chlorella ellipsoidea

Chlorella ellipsoidea cells at an intermediate stage in the ripening phase of the cell cycle were hardened at 3℃ for 48 hr. Lipid changes during the development of frost hardiness were measured. Phospholipids and glycolipids increased from 0.4 μmoles to 1.2 μmoles/10^9 cells and from 0.9 μmoles to 1.6 μmoles/10^9 cells, respectively. The ratio of lipid (mg)/protein (mg) in hardened cells was about 1.4 times that in unhardened cells. These results suggest that the algal cells change into more lipid-enriched state during the development of frost hardiness and that considerable change in lipid metabolism is involved in the development of the algal hardiness. Moreover, the ratios of individual phospholipids to monogalactosyl diglyceride tended to increase during the hardening process. Non-polar lipid which remarkably increased with an increase in frost hardiness was detected. According to studies on inhibitory effect of oligomycin or 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1, 1-dimethylurea on the increase of frost hardiness, the non-polar lipid was always synthesized whenever the algal cells developed the frost hardiness. These results suggest the existence of an intimate correlation between the content of the non-polar lipid and frost hardiness and the importance of the non-polar lipid in lipid metabolism associated with the hardiness change in Chlorella

Changes in Fatty Acid Composition of Membrane Fractions during Hardening of Chlorella ellipsoidea

Chlorella ellipsoidea cells at an intermediate stage in the ripening phase of the cell cycle were hardened at 3℃ for 48 hr. Chloroplast and E. R. fractions were prepared from the homogenate of Chlorella cells on sucrose density gradients. Changes in fatty acid composition of chloroplast and E. R. fractions and whole cells during the development of frost hardiness were determined by gas-liquid chromatography. In whole cells and chloroplast fraction, myristic, palmitic and linoleic acids decreased while oleic and linolenic acids increased. In E. R. fraction, myristic, palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids decreased while linolenic acids increased. The percentage of unsaturated fatty acid increased during hardening from 70.1 % to 80.5 % in chloroplast fraction, from 70.4 % to 78.0 % in E. R. fraction and from 73.6% to 81.5% in whole cells. The increase in unsaturation was mainly due to the increase in linolenic acid

Changes in Fatty Acid Composition of Membrane Fractions during Hardening of Chlorella ellipsoidea

Chlorella ellipsoidea cells at an intermediate stage in the ripening phase of the cell cycle were hardened at 3℃ for 48 hr. Chloroplast and E. R. fractions were prepared from the homogenate of Chlorella cells on sucrose density gradients. Changes in fatty acid composition of chloroplast and E. R. fractions and whole cells during the development of frost hardiness were determined by gas-liquid chromatography. In whole cells and chloroplast fraction, myristic, palmitic and linoleic acids decreased while oleic and linolenic acids increased. In E. R. fraction, myristic, palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids decreased while linolenic acids increased. The percentage of unsaturated fatty acid increased during hardening from 70.1 % to 80.5 % in chloroplast fraction, from 70.4 % to 78.0 % in E. R. fraction and from 73.6% to 81.5% in whole cells. The increase in unsaturation was mainly due to the increase in linolenic acid