5 research outputs found
Nanometer-precision surface metrology of millimeter-size stepped objects using full-cascade-linked synthetic-wavelength digital holography using a line-by-line full-mode-extracted optical frequency comb
Digital holography (DH) is a powerful tool for surface profilometry of
objects with sub-wavelength precision. In this article, we demonstrate
full-cascade-linked synthetic-wavelength DH (FCL-SW-DH) for nanometer-precision
surface metrology of millimeter-size stepped objects. 300 modes of optical
frequency comb (OFC) with different wavelengths are sequentially extracted at a
step of mode spacing from a 10GHz-spacing, 3.72THz-spanning electro-optic
modulator OFC (EOM-OFC). The resulting 299 synthetic wavelengths and a single
optical wavelength are used to generate a fine-step wide-range cascade link
covering within a wavelength range of 1.54 um to 29.7 mm. We determine the
0.1000mm-stepped surface with axial uncertainty of 6.1 nm within the maximum
axial range of 14.85 mm.Comment: 22 pages, 6 figure
Synthesis of pentacene-, tetracene- and anthracene bisimides using double-cyclization reaction mediated by bismuth(iii) triflate
Synthesis of pentacene-, tetracene- and anthracene bisimides using double-cyclization reaction mediated by bismuth(iii) triflate
Novel bisimide-fused acenes were synthesized viabismuth triflate mediated double-cyclization reaction of acid chlorides and isocyanates. Their optical and electrical properties revealed significantly smaller HOMO-LUMO gaps compared with those of their parent acenes. Fabricated OFET based on tetracene bisimide showed n-type OFET outputs
Inhibition of transforming growth factor-Ī² signals suppresses tumor formation by regulation of tumor microenvironment networks
The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of cancer cells surrounded by stromal components including tumor vessels. Transforming growth factor-Ī² (TGF-Ī²) promotes tumor progression by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer cells and stimulating tumor angiogenesis in the tumor stroma. We previously developed an Fc chimeric TGF-Ī² receptor containing both TGF-Ī² type I (TĪ²RI) and type II (TĪ²RII) receptors (TĪ²RI-TĪ²RII-Fc), which trapped all TGF-Ī² isoforms and suppressed tumor growth. However, the precise mechanisms underlying this action have not yet been elucidated. In the present study, we showed that the recombinant TĪ²RI-TĪ²RII-Fc protein effectively suppressed inĀ vitro EMT of oral cancer cells and inĀ vivo tumor growth in a human oral cancer cell xenograft mouse model. Tumor cell proliferation and angiogenesis were suppressed in tumors treated with TĪ²RI-TĪ²RII-Fc. Molecular profiling of human cancer cells and mouse stroma revealed that K-Ras signaling and angiogenesis were suppressed. Administration of TĪ²RI-TĪ²RII-Fc protein decreased the expression of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF), interleukin-1Ī² (IL-1Ī²) and epiregulin (EREG) in the TME of oral cancer tumor xenografts. HB-EGF increased proliferation of human oral cancer cells and mouse endothelial cells by activating ERK1/2 phosphorylation. HB-EGF also promoted oral cancer cell-derived tumor formation by enhancing cancer cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis. In addition, increased expressions of IL-1Ī² and EREG in oral cancer cells significantly enhanced tumor formation. These results suggest that TGF-Ī² signaling in the TME controls cancer cell proliferation and angiogenesis by activating HB-EGF/IL-1Ī²/EREG pathways and that TĪ²RI-TĪ²RII-Fc protein is a promising tool for targeting the TME networks