213 research outputs found
Creativity in savant artists with autism
Background: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often display impairments in creativity, yet savant artists with ASD can produce highly novel and original artistic outputs. To date, there have been no systematic attempts to explore creativity in savant artists with ASD.
Methods: Nine savant artists with ASD were compared with nine talented artists, nine non-artistically talented individuals with ASD, and nine individuals with moderate learning difficulties (MLD), on tasks in and out of their domain of expertise. This was to ascertain whether the performance of the savant artists was related to their artistic ability, their diagnosis of ASD or their level of intellectual functioning.
Results: On a drawing task (the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking; Torrance, 1974), the responses of the art students were more creative (scoring higher on measures of fluency, originality, elaboration and flexibility) than the savant, ASD and MLD groups. However, the savants did produce more elaborative responses than the ASD and MLD groups. On a non-drawing construction task (figural synthesis; Finke & Slayton, 1988), the savants produced more original outputs than the ASD and MLD groups (scoring similarly to the art students). No group differences were found regarding fluency on this task.
Conclusions: On standardised creativity tasks, savant artists with ASD display high levels of elaboration (on drawing tasks) and originality (on non-drawing construction tasks), relative to groups with ASD or MLD. High elaboration and originality may result from a local processing bias, coupled with artistic talent, in this group
The management of diabetic ketoacidosis in children
The object of this review is to provide the definitions, frequency, risk factors, pathophysiology, diagnostic considerations, and management recommendations for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in children and adolescents, and to convey current knowledge of the causes of permanent disability or mortality from complications of DKA or its management, particularly the most common complication, cerebral edema (CE). DKA frequency at the time of diagnosis of pediatric diabetes is 10%–70%, varying with the availability of healthcare and the incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in the community. Recurrent DKA rates are also dependent on medical services and socioeconomic circumstances. Management should be in centers with experience and where vital signs, neurologic status, and biochemistry can be monitored with sufficient frequency to prevent complications or, in the case of CE, to intervene rapidly with mannitol or hypertonic saline infusion. Fluid infusion should precede insulin administration (0.1 U/kg/h) by 1–2 hours; an initial bolus of 10–20 mL/kg 0.9% saline is followed by 0.45% saline calculated to supply maintenance and replace 5%–10% dehydration. Potassium (K) must be replaced early and sufficiently. Bicarbonate administration is contraindicated. The prevention of DKA at onset of diabetes requires an informed community and high index of suspicion; prevention of recurrent DKA, which is almost always due to insulin omission, necessitates a committed team effort
Sodium and potassium intake in Hungarian children and adolescents: Comparison of two cross sectional studies
Estudo das agressões por cães, segundo tipo de interação entre cão e vítima, e das circunstâncias motivadoras dos acidentes, município de São Paulo, 2008 a 2009
Statistical strategies for avoiding false discoveries in metabolomics and related experiments
FTO genotype and weight loss: systematic review and meta-analysis of 9563 individual participant data from eight randomised controlled trials
Objective
To assess the effect of the FTO genotype on weight loss
after dietary, physical activity, or drug based
interventions in randomised controlled trials.
Design
Systematic review and random effects meta-analysis
of individual participant data from randomised
controlled trials.
Data sources
Ovid Medline, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane from
inception to November 2015.
Eligibility criteria for study selection
Randomised controlled trials in overweight or obese
adults reporting reduction in body mass index, body
weight, or waist circumference by FTO genotype
(rs9939609 or a proxy) after dietary, physical activity,
or drug based interventions. Gene by treatment
interaction models were fitted to individual participant
data from all studies included in this review, using
allele dose coding for genetic effects and a common
set of covariates. Study level interactions were
combined using random effect models.
Metaregression and subgroup analysis were used to
assess sources of study heterogeneity.
Results
We identified eight eligible randomised controlled trials
for the systematic review and meta-analysis (n=9563).
Overall, differential changes in body mass index, body
weight, and waist circumference in response to weight
loss intervention were not significantly different
between FTO genotypes. Sensitivity analyses indicated
that differential changes in body mass index, body
weight, and waist circumference by FTO genotype did
not differ by intervention type, intervention length,
ethnicity, sample size, sex, and baseline body mass
index and age category.
Conclusions
We have observed that carriage of the FTO minor allele
was not associated with differential change in
adiposity after weight loss interventions. These
findings show that individuals carrying the minor allele
respond equally well to dietary, physical activity, or
drug based weight loss interventions and thus genetic
predisposition to obesity associated with the FTO
minor allele can be at least partly counteracted
through such interventions.
Systematic review registration
PROSPERO CRD42015015969
Nutrition support therapy in acute kidney injury: Distinguishing dogma from good practice
Preliminary systems-interaction results from the Digraph Matrix Analysis of the Watts Bar Nuclear Power Plant safety-injection systems
This report provides preliminary results generated by a Digraph Matrix Analysis (DMA) for a Systems Interaction analysis performed on the Safety Injection System of the Tennessee Valley Authority Watts Bar Nuclear Power Plant. An overview of DMA is provided along with a brief description of the computer codes used in DMA
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