Nucleon Charge and Magnetization Densities from Sachs Form Factors

Relativistic prescriptions relating Sachs form factors to nucleon charge and magnetization densities are used to fit recent data for both the proton and the neutron. The analysis uses expansions in complete radial bases to minimize model dependence and to estimate the uncertainties in radial densities due to limitation of the range of momentum transfer. We find that the charge distribution for the proton is significantly broad than its magnetization density and that the magnetization density is slightly broader for the neutron than the proton. The neutron charge form factor is consistent with the Galster parametrization over the available range of Q^2, but relativistic inversion produces a softer radial density. Discrete ambiguities in the inversion method are analyzed in detail. The method of Mitra and Kumari ensures compatibility with pQCD and is most useful for extrapolating form factors to large Q^2.Comment: To appear in Phys. Rev. C. Two new figures and accompanying text have been added and several discussions have been clarified with no significant changes to the conclusions. Now contains 47 pages including 21 figures and 2 table

Feasibility studies for the measurement of time-like proton electromagnetic form factors from p¯ p→ μ+μ- at P ¯ ANDA at FAIR

This paper reports on Monte Carlo simulation results for future measurements of the moduli of time-like proton electromagnetic form factors, | GE| and | GM| , using the p¯ p→ μ+μ- reaction at P ¯ ANDA (FAIR). The electromagnetic form factors are fundamental quantities parameterizing the electric and magnetic structure of hadrons. This work estimates the statistical and total accuracy with which the form factors can be measured at P ¯ ANDA , using an analysis of simulated data within the PandaRoot software framework. The most crucial background channel is p¯ p→ π+π-, due to the very similar behavior of muons and pions in the detector. The suppression factors are evaluated for this and all other relevant background channels at different values of antiproton beam momentum. The signal/background separation is based on a multivariate analysis, using the Boosted Decision Trees method. An expected background subtraction is included in this study, based on realistic angular distributions of the background contribution. Systematic uncertainties are considered and the relative total uncertainties of the form factor measurements are presented

NHG-guideline acute cough

Acute cough is one of the most common reasons for patients to visit a general practitioner. In this revised guideline acute cough is defined as cough lasting less than 3 weeks at presentation. The guideline covers the diagnosis, treatment, and education of patients with cough, pneumonia, bronchiolitis, croup, whooping cough, and Q-fever. It is important to distinguish an uncomplicated respiratory tract infection from a complicated respiratory tract infection that requires antibiotic treatment. In most cases, cough is caused by an uncomplicated respiratory tract infection (viral or bacterial) A patient with an uncomplicated respiratory tract infection has no risk factors for complications (age &gt; 3 months and &lt; 75 years, no relevant comorbidity), is not very ill, doesn't have signs of a complicated respiratory tract infection and has a fever &lt; 7 days. The symptoms (cough) can last up to 4 weeks. There is no effective therapy. There are two groups of patients with a complicated respiratory tract infection. 1 Patients with a pneumonia (severely ill [tachypnea, tachycardia, hypotension or confusion] OR moderately ill and one-sided auscultatory findings, CRP &gt; 100 mg/l [a CRP of 20-100 mg/l doesn't exclude a pneumonia, [management depends on presentation and risk-factors], infiltrate on chest X-ray or sick &gt; 7 days with fever and a cough). These patients are prescribed an antibiotic. 2 Patients with other risk factors for complications (age &lt; 3 months or &gt; 75 years and/or relevant comorbidity [in children cardial and pulmonary disease not being astma, in adults congestive heart failure, severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, neurological disorders, severe renal failure, compromised immunity]). In these patients, the decision to prescribe antibiotics is based on the presentation, supported, if necessary, by measurement of CRP. Specific management recommendations are made for croup, bronchiolitis and whooping cough. In cases of moderate croup, a single dose of corticosteroid (e.g. dexamethasone, 0.15 mg/kg, oral or intramuscular, or 2 mg of nebulized budesonide) should be given. Mild croup is self-limiting; children with severe croup should be referred to a paediatrician. Children with bronchiolitis and dyspnoea should be monitored regularly during the first few days. Use of medication has not proven to be effective. In whooping cough antibiotics might be useful in preventing secondary cases only Additional investigations should be performed if there is suspicion of whooping cough in a patient from a family with unvaccinated or incomplete vaccinated children younger than 1 year or with a pregnant woman of more than 34 weeks gestation. Main changes to the previous issue of these guidelines: - The measurement of C-reactive protein can help differentiate between pneumonia and mild respiratory tract infection in moderately ill adults with general and/ or local symptoms. This recommendation does not apply to children. - The increasing resistance to doxycyclin and macrolide antibiotics makes amoxicillin (for 5 days) the drug of first choice for pneumonia, with doxycyclin as second choice. Doxycyclin remains the first-choice drug if there is an increased risk of pneumonia caused by Coxiella burnetii (Q-fever) or Legionella. - Because of lack of evidence on the effectiveness of noscapine and codeine and their known side effects these drugs are not recommended.</p

Plasma proteome profiling discovers novel proteins associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects 25% of the population and can progress to cirrhosis with limited treatment options. As the liver secretes most of the blood plasma proteins, liver disease may affect the plasma proteome. Plasma proteome profiling of 48 patients with and without cirrhosis or NAFLD revealed six statistically significantly changing proteins (ALDOB, APOM, LGALS3BP, PIGR, VTN, and AFM), two of which are already linked to liver disease. Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PICR) was significantly elevated in both cohorts by 170% in NAFLD and 298% in cirrhosis and was further validated in mouse models. Furthermore, a global correlation map of clinical and proteomic data strongly associated DPP4, ANPEP, TGFBI, PIGR, and APOE with NAFLD and cirrhosis. The prominent diabetic drug target DPP4 is an aminopeptidase like ANPEP, ENPEP, and LAP3, all of which are up-regulated in the human or mouse data. Furthermore, ANPEP and TGFBI have potential roles in extracellular matrix remodeling in fibrosis. Thus, plasma proteome profiling can identify potential biomarkers and drug targets in liver disease

Management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults : 2016 guideline update from the dutch working party on antibiotic policy (SWAB) and dutch association of chest physicians (NVALT)

The Dutch Working Party on Antibiotic Policy in collaboration with the Dutch Association of Chest Physicians, the Dutch Society for Intensive Care and the Dutch College of General Practitioners have updated their evidence-based guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adults who present to the hospital. This 2016 update focuses on new data on the aetiological and radiological diagnosis of CAP, severity classification methods, initial antibiotic treatment in patients with severe CAP and the role of adjunctive corticosteroids. Other parts overlap with the 2011 guideline. Apart from the Q fever outbreak in the Netherlands (2007-2010) no other shifts in the most common causative agents of CAP or in their resistance patterns were observed in the last five years. Low-dose CT scanning may ultimately replace the conventional chest X-ray; however, at present, there is insufficient evidence to advocate the use of CT scanning as the new standard in patients evaluated for CAP. A pneumococcal urine antigen test is now recommended for all patients presenting with severe CAP; a positive test result can help streamline therapy once clinical stability has been reached and no other pathogens have been detected. Coverage for atypical microorganisms is no longer recommended in empirical treatment of severe CAP in the non-intensive care setting. For these patients (with CURB-65 score >2 or Pneumonia Severity Index score of 5) empirical therapy with a 2nd/3rd generation cephalosporin is recommended, because of the relatively high incidence of Gram-negative bacteria, and to a lesser extent S. aureus. Corticosteroids are not recommended as adjunctive therapy for CAP

Nonautonomous dynamical systems in the life sciences

Nonautonomous dynamics describes the qualitative behavior of evolutionary differential and difference equations, whose right-hand side is explicitly time dependent. Over recent years, the theory of such systems has developed into a highly active field related to, yet recognizably distinct from that of classical autonomous dynamical systems. This development was motivated by problems of applied mathematics, in particular in the life sciences where genuinely nonautonomous systems abound. The purpose of this monograph is to indicate through selected, representative examples how often nonautonomous systems occur in the life sciences and to outline the new concepts and tools from the theory of nonautonomous dynamical systems that are now available for their investigation

Adjoint-based Monte Carlo calibration of financial market models

Adjoint equation, Monte Carlo calibration, Multi-layer method, 65C05, 65K05, 90C30, 90C90, 91B28, C61, C63,