Bose-Einstein condensed supermassive black holes: a case of renormalized quantum field theory in curved space-time

This paper investigates the question whether a realistic black hole can be in principal similar to a star, having a large but finite redshift at its horizon. If matter spreads throughout the interior of a supermassive black hole with mass $M\sim10^9M_\odot$, it has an average density comparable to air and it may arise from a Bose-Einstein condensate of densely packed H-atoms. Within the Relativistic Theory of Gravitation with a positive cosmological constant, a bosonic quantum field describing H atoms is coupled to the curvature scalar with dimensionless coupling $\xi$. In the Bose-Einstein condensed groundstate an exact, self-consistent solution for the metric occurs for a certain large value of $\xi$, quadratic in the black hole mass. It is put forward that $\xi$ is set by proper choice of the background metric as a first step of a renormalization approach, while otherwise the non-linearities are small. The black hole has a hair, the binding energy. Fluctuations about the ground state are considered.Comment: 18 pages Latex Physica E styl

Nematic Structure of Space-Time and its Topological Defects in 5D Kaluza-Klein Theory

We show, that classical Kaluza-Klein theory possesses hidden nematic dynamics. It appears as a consequence of 1+4-decomposition procedure, involving 4D observers 1-form \lambda. After extracting of boundary terms the, so called, "effective matter" part of 5D geometrical action becomes proportional to square of anholonomicity 3-form \lambda\wedge d\lambda. It can be interpreted as twist nematic elastic energy, responsible for elastic reaction of 5D space-time on presence of anholonomic 4D submanifold, defined by \lambda. We derive both 5D covariant and 1+4 forms of 5D nematic equilibrium equations, consider simple examples and discuss some 4D physical aspects of generic 5D nematic topological defects.Comment: Latex-2e, 14 pages, 1 Fig., submitted to GR

Origins of the baryon spectrum

I begin with a key problem of light and strange baryon spectroscopy which suggests a clue for our understanding of underlying dynamics. Then I discuss spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry in QCD, which implies that at low momenta there must be quasiparticles - constituent quarks with dynamical mass, which should be coupled to other quasiparticles - Goldstone bosons. Then it is natural to assume that in the low-energy regime the underlying dynamics in baryons is due to Goldstone boson exchange (GBE) between constituent quarks. Using as a prototype of the microscopical quark-gluon degrees of freedom the instanton-induced 't Hooft interaction I show why the GBE is so important. When the 't Hooft interaction is iterated in the qq t-channel it inevitably leads to a pole which corresponds to GBE. This is a typical antiscreening behavior: the interaction is represented by a bare vertex at large momenta, but it blows up at small momenta in the channel with GBE quantum numbers, explaining thus a distinguished role of the latter interaction in the low-energy regime. I show how the explicitly flavour-dependent short-range part of the GBE interaction between quarks, perhaps in combination with the vector-meson exchange interaction, solves a key problem of baryon spectroscopy and present spectra obtained in a simple analytical calculation as well as in exact semirelativistic three-body approach.Comment: Plenary talk given at PANIC 99 (XV Particles and Nuclei International Conference, 10 - 16 June 1999, Uppsala

Quantum superposition principle and gravitational collapse: Scattering times for spherical shells

A quantum theory of spherically symmetric thin shells of null dust and their gravitational field is studied. In Nucl. Phys. 603 (2001) 515 (hep-th/0007005), it has been shown how superpositions of quantum states with different geometries can lead to a solution of the singularity problem and black hole information paradox: the shells bounce and re-expand and the evolution is unitary. The corresponding scattering times will be defined in the present paper. To this aim, a spherical mirror of radius R_m is introduced. The classical formula for scattering times of the shell reflected from the mirror is extended to quantum theory. The scattering times and their spreads are calculated. They have a regular limit for R_m\to 0 and they reveal a resonance at E_m = c^4R_m/2G. Except for the resonance, they are roughly of the order of the time the light needs to cross the flat space distance between the observer and the mirror. Some ideas are discussed of how the construction of the quantum theory could be changed so that the scattering times become considerably longer.Comment: 30 pages and 5 figures; the post-referee version: shortened and some formulations improved; to be published in Physical Revie

Supermassive Black Holes as Giant Bose-Einstein Condensates

The Schwarzschild metric has a divergent energy density at the horizon, which motivates a new approach to black holes. If matter is spread uniformly throughout the interior of a supermassive black hole, with mass $M\sim M_\star= 2.34 10^8M_\odot$, it may arise from a Bose-Einstein condensate of densely packed H-atoms. Within the Relativistic Theory of Gravitation with a positive cosmological constant, a bosonic quantum field is coupled to the curvature scalar. In the Bose-Einstein condensed groundstate an exact, selfconsistent solution for the metric is presented. It is regular with a specific shape at the origin. The redshift at the horizon is finite but large, $z\sim 10^{14}$$M_\star/M$. The binding energy remains as an additional parameter to characterize the BH; alternatively, the mass observed at infinity can be any fraction of the rest mass of its constituents.Comment: 6 pages, no figure

Layell`s syndrome

The article is devoted to such a serious disease as Lyell’s syndrome. This disease is characterized by severe total erythematous-bullous lesions of the skin and mucous membranes, forming necrotic fields in the final stage, which resemble a burn with 2 and 3 degree boiling water. This article compares these two diseases with Lyell’s syndrome and Stevens-Johnson syndrome. These diseases are susceptible to both adults and children. Data on the timing and cost of treatment for Lyell’s syndrome of an adult and a child are given. The treatment of Stevens-Johnson syndrome will be cheaper and takes less time than treatment of patients with Lyell’s syndrome. The etiology and pathogenesis of these diseases has not been fully understood, but due to genetic, immunological and other active scientific research, there is an active study of these diseases.Статья посвящена такому тяжелому заболеванию как синдром Лайелла. Данная болезнь характеризуется тяжелыми тотальными эритематозно-буллезными поражениями кожи и слизистых оболочек, в финальной стадии образующими некротические поля, которые напоминают ожог кипятком 2-й и 3-й степени тяжести. В данной статье дается наглядное сравнение двух болезней: синдрома Лайелла и синдрома Стивенса — Джонсона. Данным заболеваниям подвержены как взрослые люди, так и дети. Приводятся данные о сроках и стоимости лечения синдрома Лайелла взрослого человека и ребенка. Лечение синдрома Стивенса — Джонсона обойдется дешевле и занимает меньше времени, чем лечение больных с синдромом Лайелла. Этиология и патогенез этих заболеваний до конца не изучен, но благодаря генетическим, иммунологическим и другим активным научным исследованиям идет активное изучение этих болезней

I TRATTATI DELL'ANTICA RUSSIA CON L'IMPERO ROMANO D'ORIENTE

EDIZIONE IN RUSSO E TRADUZIONE IN ITALIANO DEI TRATTATI BIZANTINO-RUSSI DEL 907, 911, 941, 971 CON COMMENTARIO STORICO E INDAGINE TESTUALE SULLA TRADIZIONE CORNACHISTICA DEI TRATTATI. QUADRO STORICO-POLITICO DEL SACHAROV E QUADRO IDEOLOGICO DELL'APPROCCIO DELLA RUS CON BISANZIO DEL CARILE ZI