Psicologia scolastica: interventi online e in presenza per promuovere il benessere di studenti preadolescenti

La psicologia scolastica in Italia è presente dagli anni ’70, ma nonostante ciò può essere considerata ancora una professione emergente (Coyne & Trombetta, 2006). I dati raccolti dall'International School Psychology Survey (ISPS, ) e alcuni recenti studi condotti a livello locale (Matteucci e Farrell, 2018) hanno rivelato che nella maggioranza delle scuole in Italia sono presenti psicologi che forniscono servizi e realizzano interventi, seppur in diversi modi. Infatti, a partire dalla fine degli anni '90, in Italia si è intensificata l’attenzione sulla necessità di servizi psicologici nelle scuole, ma non sono mai state stabilite linee guida né fornite indicazioni legislative che delineassero in che modo dovessero essere organizzati tali servizi, che forma dovessero assumere e da chi dovessero essere forniti. Nell’anno 2020 la pandemia di Covid-19 e la conseguente situazione di emergenza sanitaria globale, hanno impresso una rapida accelerazione all’utilizzo delle tecnologie integrate nella scuola e nel lavoro degli psicologi scolastici, facendo in modo che Telepsicologia e interventi psicoeducativi via web siano stati molto più associati alla pratica standard, visto l’imposizione del distanziamento sociale (Reidbord, 2020). Il presente lavoro focalizza l’attenzione sull’ambito della psicologia scolastica, sotto vari punti di vista. In un primo lavoro ho analizzato gli studi presenti in letteratura sugli interventi psicologici e psicoeducativi online rivolti a bambini e adolescenti, con un particolare focus sul contesto scolastico, attraverso una revisione degli studi applicativi nella scuola secondaria. In un secondo lavoro ho valutato l’efficacia di un percorso psicoeducativo di gruppo per preadolescenti con DSA, volto a promuovere l’autostima e il benessere nel contesto scolastico. Il gruppo è stato condotto prima online, durante il periodo pandemico, in modo da rispettare le restrizioni per il contenimento del contagio, e successivamente in presenza, all’interno del contesto scolastico. In un ultimo lavoro mi sono concentrata sulla formazione degli psicologi scolastici e sui bisogni professionali degli psicologi scolastici in Italia, insieme al Gruppo di lavoro di psicologia scolastica dell’Ordine degli psicologi dell’Emilia Romagna. È stata sviluppata una proposta di linee guida per l’intervento dello psicologo all’interno del contesto scolastico, a partire dallo sportello di ascolto, che è uno dei servizi più presenti nel territorio italiano (Panti, 2018). Abbiamo infine valutato l’utilità e l’adeguatezza della proposta in occasione di un corso di formazione promosso dall’Ordine degli psicologi, coinvolgendo un gruppo di professionisti che lavorano nelle scuole del territorio.School psychology in Italy has been present since the 1970s, but despite this it can still be considered an emerging profession (Coyne & Trombetta, 2006). Data collected by the International School Psychology Survey (ISPS) and some recent studies conducted at the local level (Matteucci & Farrell, 2019) have revealed that most Italian schools have psychologists providing services and implementing interventions, albeit in different ways. In fact, since the late 1990s, there has been increased attention in Italy on the need for psychological services in schools, but no guidelines or legislative directions have ever been established outlining how these services should be organized, what form they should take and by whom they should be delivered. In the 2020s, the Covid-19 pandemic and the resulting global health emergency situation have imparted a rapid acceleration in the use of integrated technologies in schools and in the work of school psychologists, causing Telepsychology and web-based psychoeducational interventions to be much more associated with standard practice, given the imposition of social distancing (Reidbord, 2020). This paper focuses attention on the field of school psychology from different perspectives. In a first paper, I analyzed studies in the literature on online psychological and psychoeducational interventions aimed at children and adolescents, with a particular focus on the school context, through a review of studies applied to secondary school. In a second paper, I evaluated the effectiveness of a group psychoeducational course for preadolescents with SLD, aimed at promoting self-esteem and well-being in the school context. The group was first conducted online, during the pandemic period, in order to comply with restrictions for the containment of the infection, and then in presence, within the school context. In a final paper I dealt with the training of school psychologists and the professional needs of school psychologists in Italy, together with the School Psychology Working Group of the Order of Psychologists of Emilia Romagna. A proposal for guidelines for the intervention of the psychologist within the school context was developed, starting with the listening desk, which is one of the most requested services in Italy (Panti, 2018). Finally, we evaluated the usefulness and appropriateness of the proposal at a training course sponsored by the Order of Psychologists, which involved a group of professionals working in schools in the territory

The academic network in the sector of psychology as a strategy of innovation for non profit enterprises

Aim: The present study aims to explore the issue of innovation and public-private partnership by presenting an analysis of the economic and non-economic effects produced by the collaboration between an Italian Social Cooperative and the academic sector. The main questions addressed by the study are: does the collaboration with the university sector boost the economic growth of social enterprises, both in their start up phase and afterwards? Does the collaboration with the university sector promote social innovation?Methods: The authors analyzed: (1) number of agreements (cumulative data) and number of interns, PhD students, and master students operating at the target Social Cooperative per year; (2) number of agreements (cumulative data) and number of internships per year for the target Social Cooperative and 4 other organizations replicating its model; (3) annual income from privates (in euros) per year for each organization; (4) awards and recognitions gained by the target Social Cooperative throughout the years. Results: Besides the existing differences among the observed organizations, data seem to confirm that the relationship with the university sector does not promote, at least in the initial phase, any important outcome in terms of income growth. Moreover, despite the description and amount of grants might not represent an "objective" measure of social innovation, it is undeniable that the target Cooperative shows a propensity to social innovation which is recognized by third parties too. Discussion: Although the data seem to disincentive, at least in the start up phase, the assumption that the university represents an economic or marketing boost, future studies might investigate other strategies to measure the qualitative and quantitative relationship between private companies and universities, in order to find different correlations with the social innovation issue and other economic and financial variables

Deriving Natural Background Levels of Arsenic at the Meso-Scale Using Site-Specific Datasets: An Unorthodox Method

Arsenic is found in groundwater above regulatory limits in many countries and its origin is often from natural sources, making the definition of Natural Background Levels (NBLs) crucial. NBL is commonly assessed based on either dedicated small-scale monitoring campaigns or large-scale national/regional groundwater monitoring networks that may not grab local-scale heterogeneities. An alternative method is represented by site-specific monitoring networks in contaminated/polluted sites under remediation. As a main drawback, groundwater quality at these sites is affected by human activities. This paper explores the potential for groundwater data from an assemblage of site-specific datasets of contaminated/polluted sites to define NBLs of arsenic (As) at the meso-scale (order of 1000 km2). Common procedures for the assessment of human influence cannot be applied to this type of dataset due to limited data homogeneity. Thus, an \u201cunorthodox\u201d method is applied involving the definition of a consistent working dataset followed by a statistical identification and critical analysis of the outliers. The study was conducted in a highly anthropized area (Ferrara, N Italy), where As concentrations often exceed national threshold limits in a shallow aquifer. The results show that site-specific datasets, if properly pre-treated, are an effective alternative for the derivation of NBLs when regional monitoring networks fail to catch local-scale variability

Celiac disease-associated Neisseria flavescens decreases mitochondrial respiration in CaCo-2 epithelial cells: Impact of Lactobacillus paracasei CBA L74 on bacterial-induced cellular imbalance

: We previously identified a Neisseria flavescens strain in the duodenum of celiac disease (CD) patients that induced immune inflammation in ex vivo duodenal mucosal explants and in CaCo-2 cells. We also found that vesicular trafficking was delayed after the CD-immunogenic P31-43 gliadin peptide-entered CaCo-2 cells and that Lactobacillus paracasei CBA L74 (L. paracasei-CBA) supernatant reduced peptide entry. In this study, we evaluated if metabolism and trafficking was altered in CD-N. flavescens-infected CaCo-2 cells and if any alteration could be mitigated by pretreating cells with L. paracasei-CBA supernatant, despite the presence of P31-43. We measured CaCo-2 bioenergetics by an extracellular flux analyser, N. flavescens and P31-43 intracellular trafficking by immunofluorescence, cellular stress by TBARS assay, and ATP by bioluminescence. We found that CD-N. flavescens colocalised more than control N. flavescens with early endocytic vesicles and more escaped autophagy thereby surviving longer in infected cells. P31-43 increased colocalisation of N. flavescens with early vesicles. Mitochondrial respiration was lower (P < .05) in CD-N. flavescens-infected cells versus not-treated CaCo-2 cells, whereas pretreatment with L. paracasei-CBA reduced CD-N. flavescens viability and improved cell bioenergetics and trafficking. In conclusion, CD-N. flavescens induces metabolic imbalance in CaCo-2 cells, and the L. paracasei-CBA probiotic could be used to correct CD-associated dysbiosis

Le regioni nell'ordinamento comunitario: l'organizzazione regionale per la gestione degli affari comunitari

SIGLEITItal

La difesa civica in Italia: quali prospettive

Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). Biblioteca Centrale / CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle RichercheSIGLEITItal

Effectiveness and Quality of Life with Paliperidone Palmitate 3-Monthly in Comparison with Other Long-Acting Drugs

Purpose: Antipsychotic long-acting injections (AP-LAIs) are indicated for patients affected by schizophrenia especially those with poor treatment adherence. Patients and Methods: To compare paliperidone palmitate 3-monthly (PP3M), paliperidone palmitate one-monthly (PP1M) and haloperidol decanoate (HAL-D) treatment, we enrolled 90 patients with schizophrenia treated in Mental Health Center with one of the three AP-LAIs for at least six months and followed them for another 6 months. At 6 and 12 months of treatment we administered Clinical Global Impression-Severity, Global Assessment of Functioning and World Health Organization Quality of Life-26 items (WHOQOL-BREF). At 1-year treatment, we evaluated relapses (psychiatric hospitalizations and urgent consultations), side effects and drop-outs. Results: We did not highlight any statistically significant difference among the three treatments in relapses and scale scores. Weight increase was significantly higher in PP1M and PP3M groups. Twelve patients (13.3%) discontinued AP-LAI. At 1-year AP-LAI treatment, 69% of patients rated quality of life as “good” or “very good” and 71% declared themselves to be “satisfied” or “very satisfied”. Conclusion: HAL-D, PP1M and PP3M 1-year treatments were similarly effective in preventing relapses and improving quality of life and health satisfaction. All discontinuations in the new 3-monthly antipsychotic treatment were caused by patient refusal to continue it