Preliminarna analiza hemije masnih kiselina vrsta Kindbergia praelonga i Kindbergia stokesii (Brachytheciaceae)

Moss species of the family Brachytheciaceae, Kindbergia praelonga (Hedw.) Ochyra and Kindbergia stokesii (Turn.) Ochyra, were preliminarily analysed for their fatty acid composition with the aim of studying the chemical relationship of these two entities. Fatty acid methyl esters were examined by GC and GC MS in their methanol extracts. Thirteen fatty acids were identified. It is likely that the mosses are chemically distinguishable and should be treated as separate entities. However, additional chemical constituents of various moss samples, such as phenolic acids, their derivatives and flavonoids, must be also analyzed in order to support the re-examination of the relationship between these two species.Preliminarno je ispitivan sastav viših masnih kiselina dve mahovine iz familije Brachytheciaceae, Kindbergia praelonga (Hedw.) Ochyra i Kindbergia stokesii (Turn.) Ochyra, sa hemotaksonomskim ciljem. Ukupno je identifikovano 13 viših masnih kiselina GC i GC-MS analizom. Na osnovu dobijenih eksperimentalnih rezultata se može zaključiti da se navedene biljne vrste značajno hemijski razlikuju i da bi se mogle smatrati zasebnim entitetima ukoliko se to potvrdi i dodatnim analizama

Aperçu de la diversité de la flore des bryophytes de la péninsule des Balkans dans le contexte européen

The bryophytes of the Balkan Peninsula are still very poorly known, and the region of South-Eastern Europe is bryologically the less investigated area in Europe. The aim of this study is to evaluate the stage of bryophyte flora knowledge and bryophyte diversity richness in the Balkan Peninsula compared to Europe. Thus, species richness (alpha diversity) and the size of territories, and their logarithmic ratio, are taken into consideration. At the present, bryophyte flora in the region of SE Europe counts 5 hornworts, 267 liverworts and 897 moss species. It comprises 59.9 % of European hepatic and 69.4 % of moss flora. The richest territories in hepatic species are Romania (197 sp.) followed by Bulgaria (170 sp.) and Slovenia (167 sp.). On the other side, the poorest territories in hepatic species are the European part of Turkey (27 sp.), FYR of Macedonia (69 sp.) and Albania (91sp.). Similarly, the moss flora counts most species in Romania (747 sp.) followed by Slovenia (637 sp.), Bulgaria (558 sp.) and Serbia (553 sp.). One hundred and twenty mosses (12.9 %) and 42 (16.1 %) hepatic species are known from only one of eleven regional territories of SE Europe. The picture can be drown with the species recorded in only two of eleven territories: 149 mosses (16.9 %) and 57 hepatics (20.95 %). Besides, many species described from the region in the past still remain open to investigation regarding their taxonomic status. In the last years, there have been high activity in bryophyte investigation in SE Europe, and data on regional bryoflora constantly increase. However, achieving recent data on bryophytes within SE Europe remains still a problem to face. Intensive investigation of bryophytes in SE Europe is urgently needed, just to approach the level of knowledge in other well-known European regionsLes bryophytes de la péninsule Balkanique sont toujours très pauvrement connues et, au point de vue bryologique, l'Europe du Sud-Est demeure la région la moins prospectée en Europe. Le but de cette étude est d'évaluer l'état des connaissances sur la richesse de la diversité des bryophytes dans la péninsule Balkanique par rapport à l'Europe. Ainsi, la richesse spécifique (diversité alpha), la taille des territoires et leur rapport logarithmique sont pris en considération. Actuellement, la flore bryologique compte, dans le S.-E. de l'Europe, 5 anthocérotées, 267 hépatiques et 897 espèces de mousses. Elle comporte 59,9 % des hépatiques européennes et 69,4 % de la flore des mousses. Les territoires les plus riches en hépatiques sont la Roumanie (197 sp.), suivie par la Bulgarie (170 sp.) et la Slovénie (167 sp.). A l'opposé, les territoires les plus pauvres en hépatiques sont la partie européenne de la Turquie (27 sp.), la FYR de Macédoine (69 sp.) et l'Albanie (91 sp.). De même, la flore des mousses compte la plupart des espèces en Roumanie (747 sp.), suivie par la Slovénie (637 sp.), la Bulgarie (558 sp.) et la Serbie (553 sp.). Cent vingt mousses (12,9 %) et 42 hépatique (16,1 %) sont connues de seulement un des onze territoires régionaux de l'Europe du S.-E. L'image peut être complétée avec les espèces enregistrées dans seulement deux des onze territoires: 149 mousses (16,9 %) et 57 hépatiques (20,95 %). De plus, beaucoup d'espèces décrites de la région dans le passé restent toujours en attente d'une enquête quant à leur statut taxinomique. Dans les dernières années, il y a eu une hausse de l'activité d'enquête sur les bryophytes du S.-E. de l'Europe et les données sur la flore bryologique régionale augmentent constamment. Néanmoins, l'obtention de données récentes sur les bryophytes du S.-E. de l'Europe reste toujours un problème d'actualité. Une enquête intensive des bryophytes du S.-E. de l'Europe est une urgente nécessité, ne serait-ce que pour approcher le niveau de connaissance d'autres régions européennes bien connues

Growth supression of plant pathogenic fungi using bryophite extracts

Chemicals are often used in attempts to control diseases caused by plant pathogenic fungi during food production. However, chemicals can have adverse effects not just on food, but they also remain active for a long time within ecosystems, and thus are not environmentally friendly. Therefore, development of bio-treatment and avoiding use of chemicals are urgently needed. With the aim of studying and developing new environmentally-friendly treatments, we tested extracts from selected bryophyte species (Porella platyphylla, Cinclidotus fontinaloides and Anomodon viticulosus) on five plant pathogenic fungi under controlled conditions. The fungi (Botryosphaeria dothidea, Phomopsis viticola, Calosphaeria sp., Colletotrichum acutatum and Monilinia laxa) were selected based on common diseases they cause on fruits and grapevine. They were isolated in cultures and treated with bryophyte extracts. Bryophyte extracts were shown to be effective in suppression of certain plant pathogenic fungi growth and to have a huge potential in development of novel biotechnological treatments and biofungicides. The best results were achieved in inhibition of B. dothidea, P. viticola and Calosphaeria sp

Fatty Acids of Some Moss Species from Germany

The fatty acid composition of three mosses collected in Germany was preliminary analyzed by gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas I chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for the first time. It was found that Hypnum jutlandicum could be a promising source of elaidic acid (24.36%) while Bryum moravicum could represent an interesting reservoir of alpha-linolenic acid (19.55 %)

Effect of ferri(III)citrate and potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) on growth of the moss Bryum argenteum Hedw. (Bryaceae) in vitro

In order to examine the manner of iron uptake from the medium, in vitro culture of moss Bryum argenteum Hedw. (Bryaceae) was established. Under controlled conditions (16h light/8h dark, light intensity 47μmol m-2s-1 25±2°C), the moss was grown on basal MS medium or on MS medium enriched with various concentrations of ferri(III)citrate or potassium hexacyanoferrate(III). It was expected that with the organic chelate complex, Fe(III) ion will be more available for the plant. Sixty days after establishing in vitro culture, the plants grown on MS medium enriched with the ferri(III)citrate complex were developed better than plants grown on media with the potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) complex. To judge from plant production in vitro and in view of the fact that the two compounds were the only source of Fe(III), it would appear that the citrate complex makes Fe(III) ions more available than potassium hexacyanoferrate(III). Further research will examine the concentrations of Fe ion uptake by plants and potential use of these tiny moss plants for the phytomining, phytoremedies and hyperaccumulating purposes

New and interesting bryophyte records for the flora of Serbia

During a revision of the bryophyte collections in the Herbarium of the Balkan Peninsula, Natural History Museum of Belgrade (BEO) and the Herbarium of the University of Belgrade (BEOU), as well as historical literature data, four bryophytes were identified as new to the flora of Serbia, namely, the mosses Fontinalis hypnoides, Leucobryum juniperoideum, Dicranum spurium and the hornwort Phaeoceros laevis. Fontinalis hypnoides is relatively recently recorded in SW Serbia, while Leucobryum juniperoideum and Dicranum spurium are known from historical collections. The hornwort Phaeoceros laevis was cited for SE Serbia in 1907, but up to now not found again

Implementing qualitative reasoning for structural design using constraint propagation

Rhodobryum ontariense (Kindb.) Kindb. (Bryaceae, Bryophyta) is a rare moss, only recently discovered in Serbia (at Deliblatska Sands). After a revision of the genus Rhodobryum in Serbia, it was concluded that all high-mountain records belong to R. roseum, while R. ontariense is confined to the one known locality at Deliblatska Sands. It is listed in the bryophyte red-list of Serbia and Montenegro. Within the single known locality we have counted 15 small sub-populations over a total surface area of 6 hectares. The species is always in sterile condition and has been recorded only on dunes exposed to the north, at the edge of shrub-grassland transition interspersed with fragments of steppe vegetation. No propagules are known. This raised the question of whether the population was once continuous, or whether vectors exist that spread detached plants or fragments to establish new subpopulations. To answer this question an isozyme analysis was performed to estimate the genetic structure of this isolated population. Based on the isozyme forms of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase at least six haplotypes were determined within the population. It can be concluded that the present patches of the moss do not derive from one subpopulation. Some kind of short-distance dispersal exists, but it remains unclear what structures act as propagules and what is the vector for them.Projekat ministarstva br. 143015; i br. 14303

Towards the bryophyte flora of Greece, studies in Chalkidiki area (North Greece)

La flore bryophytique de la Préfecture Chalkidiki (Nomos) en Grèce a été étudiée. Au total, 138 bryophytes (22 hépatiques et 116 mousses) ont été censées. Vingt-trois espèces représent de nouveaux registres pour Chalkidiki, 18 pour la région floristique du NE de la Grèce, 3 pour la Grèce continentale et une pour la Grèce.The bryophyte flora of the Chalkidiki Prefecture (Nomos) in Greece has been studied, yielding a record of 138 bryophytes, (22 liverwort and 116 mosses).Twenty three species are newly recorded for Chalkidiki, 18 for north-east floristic region of Greece, 3 for the Greek mainland and one for Greece.</p