Radiological features of rare non-odontogenic lesions of the jaws

Background: The jaws can be affected by several lesions that manifest in the oral cavity, but little is known about non-odontogenic benign and malignant lesions and their radiological findings. Introduction: Our aim was to discuss the imaging findings of non-odontogenic jaw lesions to help the surgeon in the diagnosis and formulating a differential diagnosis for this vast spectrum of jaw lesions with overlapping clinical and imaging appearances. Methods: CT and MR images of the mandible, maxillofacial region, and neck were retrieved from the archive of the Radiology Department of Pamukkale University for the duration between 2012-2023 and assessed. Results: A total of 8125 CT and MR images were retrospectively analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 39.5 years in females and 43.2 in males, with a range varying from 15 to 72 years. Histopathologically approved benign and malignant non-odontogenic lesions were detected in only 19 patients out of 8125 images (0.23%). Osteomyelitis and abscess were the most common (n=3; 0.03%), followed by two cases (n=2; 0.02%) of each fibrous dysplasia, hemangioma, osteosarcoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and multiple myeloma, and one case (n=1; 0.01%) of each ossifying fibroma, osteoma, lymphoma, metastasis, and solitary bone cyst. Conclusion: Although non-odontogenic benign and malignant lesions of the jaw are rare, awareness of the radiological features of these lesions plays an important role in their diagnosis and management.Radiology Department of Pamukkale University Medical Faculty Hospita

Implementation of matrix rhythm therapy and conventional massage in young females and comparison of their acute effects on circulation

Objectives: To examine and compare the effects of massage and matrix rhythm therapy in young women on the peripheral blood circulation. Design: Randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Setting: Pamukkale University in Denizli, Turkey. Patients: Fifteen healthy women age 19-23 years. Intervention: Matrix rhythm therapy was applied to the left lower extremity for a single 30-minute session. At least 1 week later, massage was applied to the left lower extremity for 30 minutes in a single session. The same physiotherapist applied both sessions. Outcome measures: The blood velocity (cm/s), artery diameter (mm), and blood flow (ml/min) of the popliteal and the posterior tibial arteries were measured with color Doppler ultrasonography. All images were evaluated by the same radiologist. Results: After matrix rhythm therapy and massage application, blood velocity, artery diameter, and blood flow in arteries increased. However, matrix rhythm therapy caused a more prominent increase in the amount of blood flow in the popliteal and in the posterior tibial artery than did massage. After matrix rhythm therapy application, the average increases in the blood flow rates in the popliteal and the posterior tibial arteries were 25.29%±16.55% and 34.33%±15.66%, respectively; after the massage, the increases were 17.84%±17.23% and 16.07%±10.28%, respectively. Conclusion: Matrix rhythm therapy and massage increased peripheral blood flow in young women. Matrix rhythm therapy method resulted in more prominent increases. © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc

Body fat distribution in childhood obesity: Association with metabolic risk factors

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical significance of body fat distribution in childhood obesity, we investigated the associations of subcutaneous and intraabdominal (preperitoneal and visceral) fat, estimated by ultrasonography, with metabolic risk factors. Subjects: Fifty-one obese (age 11.5±2.6 years) and 33 nonobese (age 12.2±2.7 years) children. Study Design: Case control study. Methods: Ultrasonographic measurements of fat thickness [maximum and minimum preperitoneal fat thicknesses (Pmax, Pmin), maximum and minimum subcutaneous fat thicknesses (Smax, Smin), visceral fat thickness (V), triceps (Tr) and subscapular (Ss) skin fold thicknesses] were documented. Blood pressures, lipid profiles, fasting insulin levels, glucose/insulin ratio and HOMAIR (homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance) were evaluated in both groups and these parameters were correlated with body fat distribution. Results: In the obese group, fasting insulin level was correlated to Smin, Smax, and Pmin. HOMA, accordingly, was also correlated to Smin, Smax, and Pmin. Fasting insulin level and HOMA showed no correlation with either Pmax or visceral fat thickness. Analysis: Abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness measurements were the best predictors of hyperinsulinemia (R2: 0.32). Conclusion: We did not observe a significant correlation between blood pressure, lipid parameters and body fat distribution in obese group. Abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness might be a better predictor of the risk for hyperinsulinemia in childhood obesity

Relationship of side dominance and ultrasonographic measurements of pronator quadratus muscle along with handgrip and pinch strength

Aims: We ascertained effects of hand dominance in both right and left-handed volunteers on the thickness and cross sectional area (CSA) of pronator quadratus (PQ) muscle as measured by the axial and sagittal views of ultrasound imaging. Secondly, we also aimed to document the extent of the relationship between the PQ measurements and handgrip. Materials and methods: Healthy adults from the volunteer medical staff were included in the study. Handedness was assessed via The Flinders Handedness survey. The sonographic appearance of the PQ was evaluated on sagittal and axial images for both hands. CSA of PQ muscle was digitally drawn and calculated on the axial plane. Handgrip was measured by using adjustable-handle dynamometer. Results: Eighty-nine healthy volunteers were included (54 right and 35 left-handed). Significant difference was detected between dominant and non-dominant hands in CSA and muscle thickness in both right and left-handed volunteers (p<0.05). These measurements were correlated with the handgrip strength (p<0.05, r=0.55, and r=0.43 for right-handed volunteers, r=0.67 and r=0.48 for left-handed volunteers, respectively). There were also significantly high correlations between the measurements of CSA and PQ thickness of the corresponding extremity in both right-handed and left-handed volunteers (p<0.05). Conclusions: A statistically significant difference exists between dominant and non-dominant hands in CSA and muscle thickness measured by US in both right and left handed volunteers, and this is correlated with handgrip strength. Hand dominance should be considered to compare healthy and affected sites during US of PQ while investigating for occult fractures of distal forearm or PQ atrophy due to anterior interosseous nerve injury

Relation of intra-abdominal fat distribution to metabolic disorders in nonobese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

Objective: To investigate the relation between intra-abdominal fat distribution and metabolic disorders in nonobese patients with the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Design: Prospective case-control study. Setting: University-based hospital. Patient(s): Thirty nonobese patients with PCOS and 30 lean women with regular menstrual cycles (controls). All participants had a body mass index &lt; 25kg/m2. Main Outcome Measure(s): Subcutaneous and intra-abdominal visceral and preperitoneal fat thicknesses were assessed by ultrasonography. Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were evaluated by standard 75-g oral glucose tolerance test and area-under-the-curve analysis. Serum hormones and lipid profile were measured. Result(s): The mean preperitoneal and visceral fat thicknesses were significantly greater in nonobese patients with PCOS. Subcutaneous fat mass was similar between the PCOS and control groups. Nonobese patients with PCOS had glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, and dyslipidemia, manifested by high serum levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and low serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. No correlation existed between subcutaneous fat thickness and the metabolic variables in nonobese patients with PCOS. However, serum triglyceride levels correlated with visceral fat and preperitoneal fat thickness. The mean HDL level correlated negatively with visceral fat and preperitoneal fat thickness. The area under the curve for insulin and mean fasting insulin levels correlated positively with visceral fat thickness. In multiple regression analysis, visceral fat thickness contributed significantly to high serum triglyceride and fasting insulin levels. Conclusion(s): Intra-abdominal preperitoneal and visceral fat accumulation may contribute to the development of glucose and lipid metabolism disorders in nonobese patients with PCOS. © 2003 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine

Correlation of abdominal fat accumulation and liver steatosis: Importance of ultrasonographic and anthropometric measurements

Purpose: This study has two objectives: (1) using ultrasound (US) as a tool for measuring subcutaneous (S) and intra-abdominal; preperitoneal (P) and visceral (V) fat thickness. (2) Assessing the relationship between selected anthropometrical variables and US-measured S, P and V fat also evaluating the contribution of abdominal fat accumulation in development of liver steatosis. Methods and materials: Sixty-eight obese patients (aged 43.9±9.3 years) and 40 non-obese subjects (aged 34.03±9.0 years) were recruited to this study. Height, weight (W), waist (WC) and hip circumferences were measured. Body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. A linear-array probe (7.5 MHz) was used to measure S and P. A convex-array probe (3.5 MHz) was used for measuring V and assessing liver fatty infiltration. Results: In 45 (66%) patients, there were diffuse liver fatty changes. Liver steatosis showed significant correlation with V (r=0.57), P (r=0.38) and S (r=0.37). It also correlated with W (r=0.52), BMI (r=0.6), WC (r=0.45) (P<0.0001). V positively correlated with BMI (r=0.62), W (r=0.55), WC (r=0.52) and WHR (r=0.33). P correlated with WC (r=0.29), WHR (r=0.36) and W (r=0.34), but not with BMI, height and age. A significant correlation was found between S and BMI (r=0.73), W (r=0.65), and WC (r=0.57) (P<0.0001). Conclusion: Obese patients showed thicker S, P, and V. Liver steatosis correlates significantly with both anthropometrical data; BMI, WHR, WC, and W, and with abdominal V, P, and S fat. V fat can be used as a good predictor for the possibility of different metabolic disorders and liver disturbances as steastosis. © 2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd

Ultrasonographic and biochemical evaluation of visceral obesity in obese women with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Objective: Identification of specific origin of lipid accumulation in the liver of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most important step in preventing this condition. Because liver steatosis, in the obese patients without any systemic disease, can be graded easily by ultrasonography (US), we aimed to demonstrate the degree of liver steatosis and abdominal fat distribution by US, furthermore evaluate biochemical, anthropometrical measurements, and define the possible relationship between these parameters in obese women with different grades of liver steatosis. Methods: In this controlled clinical study, according to US evaluation of liver steatosis, the patients were divided into four groups: control (no steatosis), mild, moderate and severe steatosis groups. Demographic, biochemical and anthropometric measurements were done. Insulin resistance was determined by using homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). Liver steatosis and abdominal fat distributions were evaluated by US. Results: The subcutaneous and preperitoneal fat layer measurements did not show any significant difference between the groups. The visceral fat layer thickness was significantly higher in severe liver steatosis group compared to the control and steatosis groups. The highest serum fasting insulin, uric acid levels and HOMA-IR index were observed in the severe liver steatosis group. Visceral fat thickness was positively correlated with serum UA levels and HOMA-IR Conclusions: This study suggests that visceral adipose tissue, HOMA-IR and serum uric acid levels are the main determinants of NAFLD in obese patients. © I. Holzapfel Publishers 2007