16 research outputs found

    Integrative genomic analysis of CREB defines a critical role for transcription factor networks in mediating the fed/fasted switch in liver

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    BACKGROUND: Metabolic homeostasis in mammals critically depends on the regulation of fasting-induced genes by CREB in the liver. Previous genome-wide analysis has shown that only a small percentage of CREB target genes are induced in response to fasting-associated signaling pathways. The precise molecular mechanisms by which CREB specifically targets these genes in response to alternating hormonal cues remain to be elucidated. RESULTS: We performed chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled to high-throughput sequencing of CREB in livers from both fasted and re-fed mice. In order to quantitatively compare the extent of CREB-DNA interactions genome-wide between these two physiological conditions we developed a novel, robust analysis method, termed the ā€˜single sample independenceā€™ (SSI) test that greatly reduced the number of false-positive peaks. We found that CREB remains constitutively bound to its target genes in the liver regardless of the metabolic state. Integration of the CREB cistrome with expression microarrays of fasted and re-fed mouse livers and ChIP-seq data for additional transcription factors revealed that the gene expression switches between the two metabolic states are associated with co-localization of additional transcription factors at CREB sites. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support a model in which CREB is constitutively bound to thousands of target genes, and combinatorial interactions between DNA-binding factors are necessary to achieve the specific transcriptional response of the liver to fasting. Furthermore, our genome-wide analysis identifies thousands of novel CREB target genes in liver, and suggests a previously unknown role for CREB in regulating ER stress genes in response to nutrient influx

    Essential fatty acid deficiency and the small intestine

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    Essentiƫle vetzuurdeficiƫntie komt vaak voor bij kinderen met ernstige leverziektes en in het bijzonder bij kinderen met Cholestasis induced failure to thrive (CIFTT). De voedingsstatus van deze kinderen verslechtert door de essentiƫle vetzuurdeficiƫntie. Om de voedingstatus van kinderen met CIFTT te kunnen optimaliseren is onderzoek naar de darmfunctie tijdens de essentiƫle vetzuurdeficiƫntie van belang. De experimenten beschreven in dit proefschrift hadden als doel de negatieve effecten van de essentiƫle vetzuurdeficiƫntie in kaart te brengen. Studies met de stabiele isotopen in muismodel voor essentiƫle vetzuurdeficiƫntie voor laten zien dat de essentiƫle vetzuurdeficiƫntie leidt tot functionele veranderingen van de dunne darm. Vooral de lipide- en koolhydratenabsorptie bleken verstoord te zijn. Verder laten wij zien dat essentiƫle vetzuurdeficiƫntie leidt tot een verhoogde galzoutopname in de darm van deze muizen, door defecten in de dunne darm. Verder ondersteunen deze data voorgaande bevindingen waarin beschreven werd dat vooral de intracellulaire stappen verstoord zijn tijdens de essentiƫle vetzuurdeficiƫntie in muizen. In vitro studies laten zien dat korte toediening van linolzuur niet leidt tot een vermindering van de effecten veroorzaakt door de essentiƫle vetzuurdeficiƫntie. De resultaten van dit proefschrift zullen een bijdrage leveren aan de kennis over de effecten van de essentiƫle vetzuurdeficiƫntie op de dunne darm. Studies met stabiel gelabelde macronutriƫnten in CIFFT-patiƫnten zullen in de toekomst de voedingsstatus van CIFTT-patiƫnten verder in kaart brengen. We verwachten dat deze studies zullen helpen aan de ontwikkeling van gerichte en rationele voedingsaanpassingen voor kinderen met CIFTT, waarmee de kwaliteit van leven van deze patiƫnten zal verbeteren.

    Nutrition for children with cholestatic liver disease

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    Cholestatic liver disease (CLD) in children negatively affects nutritional status, growth and development, which all lead to an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. This is illustrated by the fact that the clinical outcome of children with CLD awaiting a liver transplantation is in part predicted by their nutritional status, which is integrated in the pediatric end-stage liver disease model. Preservation of the nutritional status becomes more relevant as the number of patients waiting for liver transplantation increases and the waiting time for a donor organ becomes prolonged. Nutritional strategies are available to optimize feeding of children with CLD. Patients with CLD, however, form a heterogeneous group and the clinical manifestations of their disease vary. This makes a tailor-made approach for these children crucial. Not all aspects of nutrient metabolism and absorption in children with CLD are well understood and studied. Experiments with stable isotope-labeled triglycerides and fatty acids have provided essential information about fat absorption under physiological and cholestatic conditions in animal models and humans. We expect that in the future, tests using other isotope-labeled macronutrients, i.e. carbohydrates and proteins, can be used to further assess nutritional status of children with CLD, thereby creating tailor-made nutritional therapies. Copyright (c) 2007 Nestec Ltd., Vevey/S. Karger AG, Basel.</p
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