Effect of Blood Exposure on Push-Out Bond Strength of Four Calcium Silicate Based Cements

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare the push-out bond strength of white ProRoot Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), Biodentine, calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement and Endosequence Root Repair Material (ERRM) putty after exposure to blood. Methods and Materials: A total of 96 root dentin slices with a standardized thickness of 1.00±0.05 mm and standardized canal spaces were randomly divided into 4 main experimental groups (n=24) according to the calcium silicate based cement (CSC) used: white ProRoot MTA, CEM Cement, ERRM Putty and Biodentine. Specimens were exposed to whole fresh human blood and then subdivided into two subgroups depending on the exposure time (24 or 72 h). Push-out bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine. Failure modes were examined under a light microscope under ×10 magnification. Data were analyzed using the two-way ANOVA test. Results: Biodentine exhibited the highest values regardless of the exposure time. The lowest push-out strength values were seen in white ProRoot MTA and CEM cement in both post exposure times. After exposure to blood, the push-out bond strength of all materials increased over time. This increase was only statistically significant in white ProRoot MTA and ERRM specimens. The dominant failure mode in all CSCs was the adhesive mode. Conclusion: Biodentine showed the highest values of push-out bond strength and may be better options for situations encountering higher dislocation forces in a short time after cement application.Keywords: Biodentine; Blood; Calcium-Enriched Mixture Cement; Endosequence Root Repair Material; Mineral Trioxide Aggregat

Comparison of Enamel Matrix Derivatives and Platelet-Rich Fibrin on Human Gingival Fibroblasts Proliferation and Viability

Introduction: Biologic mediators such as platelet-rich fibrins (PRF) or enamel matrix derivatives (Emdogain®) are used for the regeneration of the soft and hard tissues. The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of PRF and Emdogain® on the proliferation and differentiation of gingival fibroblasts in vitro. Materials and Methods: In this randomized controlled in vitro trial, blood samples were obtained from a healthy person and Choukroun’s PRF was prepared according to the standard protocol. Fibroblast cells were cultured with PRF and different concentration of Emdogain®. MTT test were used to measure fibroblast cells proliferation after 24 and 72 hours. Results: As compared to negative control (FBS 1%), Emdogain® 50μg/ml significantly increased cells proliferation up to 123.2% and 111.2% after 24 and 72 hours. The values were 214.9% and 121.9% for Emdogain® 100μg/ml. The increased proliferation values were significant for both groups after 24 hours (P<0.001) while the values were significant for 100 μg/ml Emdogain after 72 hours (P<0.001). Cells exposure to PRF showed significant effect on their proliferation after 24 hours compared to the negative controls (P<0.001; 21±1.73%). After 72 hours; PRF showed reverse effect on the proliferation and decreased them up to 38% and 60% regarding negative controls. Conclusion: the most proliferation and viability of fibroblast cells were obtained after exposure to Emdogain® and the differences between Emdogain® and PRF were significant