Differential Efficacies of Nomuraea Rileyi and Isaria Fumosorosea on Some Serious Pests and the Pests’ Efficient Predator Prevailing in Tomato Fields in Egypt

The efficiency of the two microbial control agents Nomuraea rileyi and Isaria fumosorosea, were evaluated against Bemisia tabaci and Myzus persicae pests in tomato cultivations The safety levels of the agents, to the predator Coccinella undecimpunctata, were also studied under laboratory and field conditions. Results showed that under laboratory conditions, LC50 values for N. rileyi and I. fumosorosea were 103.7x104 and 139.4x104 spores/ml against B. tabaci, respectively, while the corresponding values for M. persicae were 89.1x104 and 149.8x104 spores/ml, respectively. Under the field conditions, the percentages of infested plants with B. tabaci and M. persicae were significantly decreased after treatments with both fungi as compared with the corresponding controls. At the El-Esraa farm (Nobaria region), the weights of the tomato yield were 2,417 and 2,911 kg/feddan when I. fumosorosea and N. rileyi were applied respectively, as compared with 2,010 kg/feddan in the corresponding controls. The corresponding yields in El-Kassaseen were 2,699 and 2,999 kg/feddan, respectively, as compared to 1,990 kg/feddan in the control. The present study showed that C. undecimpunctata exhibit relatively high and reasonable resistance to N. rileyi and I. fumosorosea at the highest lethal concentration (1x108 spores/ml) for both tested preys

Effect of Biological Insecticides on Three Harmful Sugarcane Pests

Sugar cane crop developed in an enormous region in Egypt. It is a significant yield since ,it produce sugar. The harvest swarmed with numerous hurtful creepy crawlies which causing a ruinous to the yield. Chitosan and nano chitosan assessed on their bothers which swarm the harvest. Results showed that, the yield expanded in the space treated with nano chitosan followed by region treated with chitosan. LC50 of chitosan and nano chitosan recorded that, Chilo agamemnon 110 and 87 ppm. The LC50 of Sesamia cretica recorded 134 and 100 ppm for chitosan and nao chitosan , separately. LC50 of Saccharicoccus sacchari give 100 ppm for chitosan medicines and 77ppm for nano chitosan medicines. In the field tests, the heaviness of sugarcane were huge expanded 1.3 crease and 1.5 overlap after treated with chitosan and nano chitosan during season 2018. During season 2019 the sugarcane weight huge expanded to 1.5 and 1.7 overlay treated with the relating microbes. End the nano-chitosan promisingly affect sugarcane bothers

Efficacy of three entomopathogenic fungi alone or in combination with diatomaceous earth modifications for the control of three pyralid moths in stored grains

The efficacy of Natural diatomaceous (DE) alone and combined with three fungal pathogens: Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Isaria fumosorosea against three moth species, Plodia interpunctella, Ephestia cautella and E. kuehniella was evaluated. Modified diatoms with Calcium hydroxide (Ca-DE) and modified diatoms with Sodium hydroxide (Na-DE) were the highlight treatments against tested insects and achieved the highest mortality percentages. E. kuehniella achieved the highest tolerant to tested DEs. B. bassiana was the most effective fungus alone against the three tested insects. Ca-DE and Na-DE treatments strongly enhanced the potency of the tested fungi. E. kuehniella was more susceptible to M. anisopliae and B. bassiana. Larvae of P. interpunctella and E. cautella were more tolerant to I. fumosorosea alone than E. kuehniella. In most cases, DE combinations with tested fungi had synergistic effects, while in E. cautella, modified diatoms with Aluminium hydroxide (Al-DE) decreased the efficacy of M. anisopliae and I. fumosorosea. Also, Al-DE and DE impaired the efficacy of I. fumosorosea against E. kuehniella. The egg production was highly suppressed by combination of Ca-DE followed by Na-DE with tested fungi in comparison to untreated control. The combination of Ca-DE/Beauveria bassiana strongly suppressed the number of deposited eggs of P. interpunctella (54.6±5.8 eggs/female), in comparison to untreated control (288.3±3.4 eggs/female). The most effective DEs modification were Ca-DE and Na-DE had insecticidal, repellent and ovicidal effects against tested insects and they had synergistic effects on the potency of tested fungi

Global perspective of familial hypercholesterolaemia: a cross-sectional study from the EAS Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC)

Background The European Atherosclerosis Society Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC) global registry provides a platform for the global surveillance of familial hypercholesterolaemia through harmonisation and pooling of multinational data. In this study, we aimed to characterise the adult population with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia and described how it is detected and managed globally. Methods Using FHSC global registry data, we did a cross-sectional assessment of adults (aged 18 years or older) with a clinical or genetic diagnosis of probable or definite heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia at the time they were entered into the registries. Data were assessed overall and by WHO regions, sex, and index versus non-index cases. Findings Of the 61 612 individuals in the registry, 42 167 adults (21 999 [53·6%] women) from 56 countries were included in the study. Of these, 31 798 (75·4%) were diagnosed with the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network criteria, and 35 490 (84·2%) were from the WHO region of Europe. Median age of participants at entry in the registry was 46·2 years (IQR 34·3–58·0); median age at diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia was 44·4 years (32·5–56·5), with 40·2% of participants younger than 40 years when diagnosed. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors increased progressively with age and varied by WHO region. Prevalence of coronary disease was 17·4% (2·1% for stroke and 5·2% for peripheral artery disease), increasing with concentrations of untreated LDL cholesterol, and was about two times lower in women than in men. Among patients receiving lipid-lowering medications, 16 803 (81·1%) were receiving statins and 3691 (21·2%) were on combination therapy, with greater use of more potent lipid-lowering medication in men than in women. Median LDL cholesterol was 5·43 mmol/L (IQR 4·32–6·72) among patients not taking lipid-lowering medications and 4·23 mmol/L (3·20–5·66) among those taking them. Among patients taking lipid-lowering medications, 2·7% had LDL cholesterol lower than 1·8 mmol/L; the use of combination therapy, particularly with three drugs and with proprotein convertase subtilisin–kexin type 9 inhibitors, was associated with a higher proportion and greater odds of having LDL cholesterol lower than 1·8 mmol/L. Compared with index cases, patients who were non-index cases were younger, with lower LDL cholesterol and lower prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular diseases (all p<0·001). Interpretation Familial hypercholesterolaemia is diagnosed late. Guideline-recommended LDL cholesterol concentrations are infrequently achieved with single-drug therapy. Cardiovascular risk factors and presence of coronary disease were lower among non-index cases, who were diagnosed earlier. Earlier detection and greater use of combination therapies are required to reduce the global burden of familial hypercholesterolaemia. Funding Pfizer, Amgen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Sanofi–Aventis, Daiichi Sankyo, and Regeneron