5 research outputs found
Effects of aflatoxin contaminated feed on the fingerlings of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758)
Aflatoxin contamination, particularly common in cultured fishes in Asian countries, are considered unsafe both for fish and human health. However, the presence of aflatoxin in cultured fish feed and their effect are still under estimated in Bangladesh. The present study aimed to assess the effects of aflatoxin on growth performance and residues in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings. Fish feed were treated with several concentration of aflatoxin as 0 ppb (T0, control), 25 ppb (T1), 50 ppb (T2) and 100 ppb (T3) and fed the tilapia fingerlings (n=10) in individual glass aquaria (24×12×12 inch, 105-litre capacity) conditions for 12 weeks. Comparatively higher body length (cm) and weight gain (g) were observed in treatment T0 (1.68 and 4.98) and T1 (1.60 and 5.48) than those of treatment T2 (1.31 and 4.06) and T3 (1.20 and 3.10), respectively. The specific growth rate (SGR) were almost similar in treatment T0 (52%), T1 (51%) and T2 (52%) whereas declined significantly (p<0.05) in T3 (39%). Higher survival rate was also demonstrated in treatment T0 (90%) and T1 (90%) whereas significantly decreased in treatment T2 (60%) and T3 (40%). The residue of aflatoxin was not detected in T0 and T1. On the contrary, the residual effect in tilapia fingerling was evident in T2 and T3 treatment. The findings of the present study revealed that aflatoxin contaminated feed is harmful for the growth performance and survival of O. niloticus fingerlings. Further study is necessary to safeguard the aquaculture production as well as to produce healthy food for human consumption
Groundwater Contamination and Health Risk Evaluation of Naturally Occurring Potential Toxic Metals of Hatiya Island, Bangladesh
Groundwater meets the majority portion of drinking water needs, particularly in the rural area of Bangladesh. Groundwater has been continuously contaminated by potentially harmful metals as a result of natural processes as well as some anthropogenic activities, creating a variety of health impacts. The current research aimed to evaluate the naturally occurring level of metal contamination and the human health risk associated with deep groundwater in the Hatiya Island. Because of the arsenic, iron, and salinity problem in shallow groundwater, the inhabitants of the Hatiya Island use deep groundwater. During the field investigation, no shallow tubewells were observed; therefore, only deep groundwater samples were collected. The total sample size collected throughout the Hatiya island was 17. Five metals (Zn, Fe, Mg, Mn, and Cu) were analyzed using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The concentrations of studied potential risky metals were ranked as follows: Mg > Zn > Fe >Mn> Cu. The detected values of all metals except Fe were found within the drinking water limits of WHO (2017), BIS (2012), and BDWS (1997), where only 29.41% of the Fe sample exceeded the standard drinking limits. According to the metal evaluation index (MEI) and degree of contamination (Cd), the groundwater of the study area is free from contamination but the metal pollution index (MPI) and nemerow pollution index (NI) exhibited little pollution in the mid-western part of the study area. The hazard quotient (HQ) values revealed no oral and dermal health risk for individual metals (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn). On the other hand, the hazard index (HI) values exhibited no risk for combined metals as none of the values exceeded the safety limit value of 1. According to the HQ and HI results, the deep groundwater on Hatiya Island is non-carcinogenic and risk-free for children and adults. However, children were more susceptible to oral health risks than adults. In contrast, adults were more vulnerable to dermal health risks than children
An Overview and Statistical Study on Photocatalytic Activities of Fe based metal oxide Nanoparticles
Nanomaterials (NMs) are anticipated to have a significant impact on multiple sectors due to their potential to enhance performance, enhance safety, and be synthesized through novel methods. The utilization of Fe_3O_4 nanoparticles (NPs) is advantageous compared to other materials because of the diminutive size and elevated surface area to volume ratio of these NPs. The increasing significance of Fe_3O_4 NPs in environmental applications is attributed to their photocatalytic properties. The assessment of the photocatalytic efficacy of Fe_3O_4 NPs was conducted through the observation of various dyes, such as methylene blue (MB), methyl red (MR), and Rhodamine B (RB). Fe_3O_4 has been utilized by multiple researchers for the purpose of degrading diverse dyes. The photocatalytic efficacy of Fe_3O_4 NPs is contingent upon various factors, including their crystalline morphology, particle dimensions, and other pertinent parameters. Our research will elucidate the variables that influence the efficiency of Fe_3O_4 dye degradation
Genetic alterations (amplification and rearrangement) of D-type cyclins loci in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma of Indian patients: prognostic significance and clinical implications
In this study, the alterations (amplification/rearrangement) of 3 D-type cyclins loci were analyzed by Southern blot in 5 dysplastic head and neck lesions and 79 primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) of Indian patients to understand the role of the cyclins in development of the disease. No alteration was found in the dysplastic lesions. Overall, 54% of alterations were found in bcl-1/CCND1 locus, whereas amplification was only found in CCND2 and CCND3 loci in 12% and 2% samples, respectively. In bcl-1/CCND1 locus amplification was the major type of alteration; however, rearrangement as well as coalterations had been seen in some samples indicating the common mechanism of activation of this locus in different types of tumors. In bcl-1 region, the breakpoint clustered in the MTC (major translocation cluster) region, whereas in CCND1 the breakpoint located near 3' end of the gene. The coamplification of CCND2 locus with bcl-1, bcl-1/CCND1, and CNND3 loci suggests cumulative effect of these genes in this tumor. The significant association was seen between bcl-1/CCND1 locus alteration with HPV prevalence and poor patient outcome indicating its importance as prognostic marker. This indicates that the genetic instability caused due to HPV infection may induce the alterations in the bcl-1/CCND1 locus, which will provide selective growth advantage to the specific malignant clones resulting poor prognosis of the disease
Association of Deletion in the Chromosomal 8p21.3-23 Region with the Development of Invasive head & Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Indian Patients
The karyotypes of the HNSCC tumours are complex
often near triploid and are composed of multiple numerical
and structural abnormalities of the chromosomes3 .
Cytogenetic studies have identified deletions in several
chromosomal arms e.g., 3p, 4p, 8p21-pter, 9p13-p23,
18q22-qter etc., and also centromeric breakage in several
chromosomes necessary for HNSCC development4.
Allelotyping studies (using microsatellite markers)
of HNSCC have identified >25 per cent LOH in several
chromosomal regions e.g., 3p, 4q, 6p, 8p, 9p, 11q etc.5,6 .
Among these regions, the deletions in 4q, 6p, 8p/q are
proposed to be associated with the development of
invasive HNSCC tumours5. The deletion mapping of
HNSCC tumours by different investigators have
identified several regions in chr.8p e.g., 8p23, 8p22,
8p21 and 8p12, which might harbour candidate TSGs7.
But there is ambiguity in the localization of the minimum
common deleted region among the different studies8,9.
Also there is uncertainty about the timing of these
deletions during the progression of the tumour7,10. El-
Naggar et al10 have shown that deletions in 8p21 and
8p22 regions were associated with early tumourigenesis
of oral and laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas,
whereas according to Califano et al5 deletions in the
8p22 and 8q21.1-21.2 regions might be necessary for
the development of invasive HNSCC tumours. Besides
LOH, MA is detected in different cancers, and it may
represent a form of genomic instability11. In HNSCC
tumours, the occurrence of MAs in the Indian patient
population has been shown to be high compared to the
Western patient population12. Recently, we have
detected high frequencies (16-28%) of MA in and
around the two high LOH regions of chr.3 in primary
HNSCC, which indicate the importance of MA in the
development of this tumour13