“The Debt of Gratitude”: Mobilizing “Motherhood” in Times of Unrest in the United Arab Emirates

© 2020 by the Southwestern Social Science Association Objective: The objective of this study is to examine the framework of motherhood and gender identity politics in the context of growing nationalist state projects rooted in the UAE national service discourse. While the Western scholarship has extensively examined the concept of motherhood, little empirical studies have focused on the complex linkages between motherhood, state, and national service, particularly in non-Western contexts such as the UAE. Methods: The method was an in-depth field interviews with national mothers. National mothers have increasingly emerged as the new ideological “objects” of the state-led nationalist campaign to promote national military service in the UAE. The study further dissects the spatial boundaries of, and the complex relationships between motherhood and state, while simultaneously highlighting vignette of gendered narratives of various local UAE national mothers, and how they micro-view, sacrifice, cope, and respond to the ongoing state project. Results: The results show how UAE national service has shaped the daily lives and sense of belonging of UAE national mothers, their acceptance of the changes National service has brought to their families. A “debt of gratitude” is a catalyst of their attitude to a state which represents their interpretation and understanding of what they foresee as the UAE state\u27s act of “disciplining and governmentality” in times of ongoing unrest in the broader Middle East region. Conclusion: In conclusion, UAE mothers aligned their adaptation to a new disrupted change and family relationships

From total dependency to corporatisation: The journey of domestic work in the UAE

© 2020 MIGRATION LETTERS Transnational Press London Migrant domestic work has played complex, dynamic, and multilevel roles in the evolution of families, and the corporatisation of domestic work across the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, particularly the United Arab Emirates (UAE). With the increasing globalisation process in the UAE, migrant domestic work has not only deepened families- critical dependency towards domestic work, but also influenced the state-s logic to institutionalise reforms to control, govern, and corporatise domestic works sector in recent years. Using primary and secondary literature sources, this article examines the historical and contemporary evolution of migrant domestic work in the UAE and of the GCC region. It argues that the UAE-s domestic work sector has historically transformed from informally structured sector-heavily dependent on the sponsorship of local family structures-to emerging corporatised sector across the UAE labour market. This article presents empirical and theoretical contributions because it highlights the evolving corporatised approach of the state in managing and governing domestic work and its impacts on local family structures in the UAE

Encountering Domestic Slavery: A Narrative from the Arabian Gulf

This chapter provides an analysis of the complexities and sensitivities of addressing the topic of slavery and—more specifically—domestic slavery in the Arabian Gulf. The work is based on the narrative of a moment and, more specifically, a spontaneous encounter with former slaves during fieldwork conducted on modern domestic workers in the UAE. The author uses a self-reflective approach and collected memories to re-address a topic which she found highly sensitive and difficult to tackle for reasons she unfolds in the study. Silence became a central focal point under which the author tackles the lack of historical/archival records, the dearth of scholarly research on the topic and the difficulty involved in accessing even the most meager anecdotal evidence and/or historical memory during field studies. The chapter begins by briefly examining the history of slavery within the wider context of both Islam and the Middle East before examining the limited literature and academic discourse pertaining to slavery in the Arabian Gulf. The ensuing discussion reveals the struggles involved in developing a deeper understanding of domestic slavery in the UAE given the pervasive “silence” that surrounds the issue in this highly private, and sometimes inaccessible, society while encouraging further consideration of the various obstacles that could be contributing factors that have inhibited study thus far with the hope that such queries could lead to greater discussion and more profound investigation

Written to be Erased: Paper Rights and the Visibility of Migrant Domestic Workers

This chapter conceptualizes forms and processes of erasure and visibility of migrant domestic workers through the analysis of interview data, media coverage, and public policy. This chapter builds on the existing literature on foreign domestic labor by synthesizing a framework to better represent the mechanisms that produce instances of visibility and erasure; these include transnational forces of erasure like sexism, xenophobia, and domestic labor stigma that interact with country-specific policies and norms. Within this framework of visibility and erasure, we also delineate different aspects of each, such as spatial erasure, erasure in the media, and self-erasure. Finally, this chapter explores how each of these components interconnect into a system of erasure, each aspect enabling another aspect in dampening the individuality of migrant domestic workers. This chapter is intended to illuminate the realities of erasure with careful specificity, while still crediting domestic workers for their resilience and creativity in promoting their own visibility

Pemberian Limbah Cair Tahu dan Jumlah Benih Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Mentimun (Cucumis sativus L)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon pemberian limbah cair tahu dan jumlah benih terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman mentimun(Cucumis sativus L) . Penelitian dilakukan pada lahan Agroteknologi Gambessi Kota Ternate Selatan. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok dengan dua faktor. Terdapat tiga sumber keragaman. Faktor pertama yaitu limbah tahu yang terdiri dari 2 taraf yaitu tanpa limbah cair tahu (T0) dan limbah cair tahu (750 ml +250 air (TI). Faktor kedua adalah jumlah benih perlubang tanam (B) yang terdiri dari 3 taraf yaitu 1 benih per lubang tanam, 2 benih per lubang tanam dan 3 benih per lubang tanam,terdapat 6 kombinasi perlakuan dan 3 kelompok sehingga terdapat 18 unit percobaan. Faktor ketiga interaksi antara limbah cair tahu dan jumlah benih per lubang tanam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian limbah cair  tahu berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman mentimun pada umur 10 HST dan 20 HST ( Hari Setelah Tanam) dan jumlah daun 10 HST dan 20 HST. Interaksi antara pemberian limbah cair tahu dan jumlah benih per lubang tanam berpengaruh nyata pada panjang buah mentimun, diameter buah mentimun dan bobot buah mentimun

Pemberian Limbah Cair Tahu dan Jumlah Benih Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Mentimun (Cucumis sativus L)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon pemberian limbah cair tahu dan jumlah benih terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman mentimun(Cucumis sativus L) . Penelitian dilakukan pada lahan Agroteknologi Gambessi Kota Ternate Selatan. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok dengan dua faktor. Terdapat tiga sumber keragaman. Faktor pertama yaitu limbah tahu yang terdiri dari 2 taraf yaitu tanpa limbah cair tahu (T0) dan limbah cair tahu (750 ml +250 air (TI). Faktor kedua adalah jumlah benih perlubang tanam (B) yang terdiri dari 3 taraf yaitu 1 benih per lubang tanam, 2 benih per lubang tanam dan 3 benih per lubang tanam,terdapat 6 kombinasi perlakuan dan 3 kelompok sehingga terdapat 18 unit percobaan. Faktor ketiga interaksi antara limbah cair tahu dan jumlah benih per lubang tanam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian limbah cair  tahu berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman mentimun pada umur 10 HST dan 20 HST ( Hari Setelah Tanam) dan jumlah daun 10 HST dan 20 HST. Interaksi antara pemberian limbah cair tahu dan jumlah benih per lubang tanam berpengaruh nyata pada panjang buah mentimun, diameter buah mentimun dan bobot buah mentimun

Acellular Bone Marrow Extracts Significantly Enhance Engraftment Levels of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Mouse Xeno-Transplantation Models

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) derived from cord blood (CB), bone marrow (BM), or mobilized peripheral blood (PBSC) can differentiate into multiple lineages such as lymphoid, myeloid, erythroid cells and platelets. The local microenvironment is critical to the differentiation of HSCs and to the preservation of their phenotype in vivo. This microenvironment comprises a physical support supplied by the organ matrix as well as tissue specific cytokines, chemokines and growth factors. We investigated the effects of acellular bovine bone marrow extracts (BME) on HSC in vitro and in vivo. We observed a significant increase in the number of myeloid and erythroid colonies in CB mononuclear cells (MNC) or CB CD34+ cells cultured in methylcellulose media supplemented with BME. Similarly, in xeno-transplantation experiments, pretreatment with BME during ex-vivo culture of HSCs induced a significant increase in HSC engraftment in vivo. Indeed, we observed both an increase in the number of differentiated myeloid, lymphoid and erythroid cells and an acceleration of engraftment. These results were obtained using CB MNCs, BM MNCs or CD34+ cells, transplanted in immuno-compromised mice (NOD/SCID or NSG). These findings establish the basis for exploring the use of BME in the expansion of CB HSC prior to HSC Transplantation. This study stresses the importance of the mechanical structure and soluble mediators present in the surrounding niche for the proper activity and differentiation of stem cells