Enhanced activation of and increased production of matrix metalloproteinase-9 by human blood monocytes upon adhering to carbamylated collagen

AbstractCarbamylation refers to chemical modification of protein side chains by cyanate derived e.g. from urea. It alters their structural and functional properties. We have studied the influence of the carbamylation of type I collagen in vitro on its interactions with elutriated human monocytes, and its potential role in atherosclerosis. Adhesion of monocytes onto carbamylated collagen was significantly enhanced compared to native collagen. There was no change in superoxide anion production. On the other hand, there was an increase in the production and the activation of matrix metalloproteinase-9. No effect was found on tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 production. Thus, the presence of carbamylated collagen may stimulate the remodelling of extracellular matrix mediated by activated monocytes. Such alterations may contribute to enhanced atherosclerosis in renal insufficiency, a pathological condition associated with elevated levels of carbamylation

Telemedicine in French Guiana: Implementation and Emergency Care Perspectives

Background: Telemedicine is practiced in Emergency Departments (ED) and Intensive Care Units (ICU) worldwide. It remains either underutilised or experimental, particularly in areas of advanced practice. French Guiana is a French territory in South America. The population is a mix of several nationalities, with 44% living in a high state of precariousness due to poverty, unemployment and crime.. The density of medical professionals is the lowest in France, and is essentially concentrated on the coastal part of the territory with 20% of the population living in remote areas over 100 km from the nearest ED. Aim: This paper reports  the development and effect of equipping remotes health facilities with videoconferencing on emergency care delivery  Methods:  Recent technical improvements in the country provided the means to set up an efficient IT system and strengthen the emergency care offered. The approach consists of several axes of development to secure first-aid in remote sites and improve our territorial and international medevac organisation. Due to the lack of skills, a specific programme for non-emergency health professionals has been designed to allow this advanced practice. Tele-expertise is used to connect the  only  ICU team in the country to all ED by video, and maintain a permanent link with long-haul medical evacuation flights. It is an opportunity to build medical and scientific cooperation within the Caribbean area by using block chain technology. Results: For one year, equipment has been deployed into the main remote sites and secondary hospitals facilities. It allowed a better management of medevacs since the beginning of the recent epidemic of COVID-19 it reinforced the links into the hospital network. Conclusion: Even though telemedicine is included in emergency care organisations worldwide, its use depends on the available technical setting, and is still subject to experience that requires scientific validation

Evolution des patients déficitaires en hormone de croissance (GH) en fin de traitement : aspects métaboliques et osseux

REIMS-BU Santé (514542104) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Influence de l'apolipoprotéine (a) sur les fonctions inflammatoire des monocytes dans un modèle in vitro d'interaction avec le collagène de type I

REIMS-BU Santé (514542104) / SudocSudocFranceF

Small size apolipoprotein(a) isoforms enhance inflammatory and proteolytic potential of collagen-primed monocytes

International audienceBackground: Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory process involving activation of monocytes recruited by various chemoattractant factors, among which lipoprotein(a) and its specific apolipoprotein apo(a). Lp(a) contains a specific apolipoprotein apo(a) which size is determined by a variable number of repeats of a specific structural domain, the kringle IV type 2 (IV-2). Lp(a) plasma concentration and apo(a) size is inversely correlated, and smaller apo(a) are major risk factors for coronary heart disease.Design and methods: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of recombinant apo(a) isoforms (containing 10, 18 or 34 kringles) on monocytes interacting with type I collagen.Results: Apo(a) isoforms stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) production by monocytes, and not modified monocytes adhesion on type I collagen. This effect was specific of apo(a) since no effect was observed in the presence of plasminogen and was inversely related to apo(a) size. The lysine analogue 6-aminohexanoic acid which blocks the lysine binding sites (LBS), and carboxypeptidase B (CpB) which cleaves carboxy-terminal lysine residues, abolished apo(a)-induced ROS and MMP-9 production, highlighting an effect mediated by apo(a) lysing-binding sites.Conclusions: These results indicate that activation of collagen-primed monocytes stimulated with apo(a) is a Kringle number-dependent effect and reinforce the hypothesis of a role for small size apo(a) isoforms in atherothrombosis

Cardiopathies aigues aux urgences : Epidémiologie, évaluation prospective du suivi libéral et de l’observance thérapeutique

International audienc

Pathological Significance of GLUT-1 Expression in Breast Cancer Cells in Diabetic and Obese Patients: The French Guiana Study

The prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes is higher in French Guiana compared to mainland France. These metabolic disorders are associated with an increased risk of cancer. One of the factors involved is hyperinsulinemia that promotes the action of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1). The objective of this study is to characterize the expression of GLUT-1 in breast cancers cells in diabetic and obese patients compared to those who are not and to describe the clinical and histological prognostic factors of breast cancer in this population. We conducted a monocentric study including patients with breast cancer diagnosed between 2014 and 2020. Patients were classified into three groups: diabetes, obesity, and control group. The GLUT-1 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. In total, 199 patients were included in this study. The median age was 53.5 years, and the median tumor size was 2.8 cm. Luminal A was the most frequent molecular type (58.1%), followed by the triple-negative type (19.9%). The breast cancer in our population was characterized by a younger age at diagnosis, more aggressive molecular types, and larger tumor size. Thus, we suggest the advancement of the age of breast cancer screening in this territory. A total of 144 patients (31 diabetes, 22 obese, and 91 control group) were included for the study of GLUT-1 expression. Overexpression of GLUT-1 was observed in 60.4% of cases and in all carcinoma in situ lesions. GLUT-1 overexpression was associated with more aggressive cancers. This overexpression is correlated with high histological grade, high proliferation index, and aggressive molecular types. Our study found no difference in GLUT-1 expression between the diabetic or obese patients and the control group. These results highlight the potential role of GLUT-1 as a tumor metabolic prognostic marker and also as an interesting target therapy, independently of patient metabolic disorder

Reference values for IGF-I serum concentration in an adult population: use of the VARIETE cohort for two new immunoassays

International audienceObjective Measurement of IGF-I is important in the management of patients with growth hormone disorders. Here we aim to establish normative data for two new IGF-I assay kits based on a large random sample of the French general adult population. Subjects and methods We measured IGF-I in 911 healthy adults (18–90 years) with two immunoassays (ROCHE Elecsys ® and IMMULITE-2000 calibrated against the new IS 02/2547). We compared the data with those of the six immunoassays (iSYS, LIAISON XL, IMMULITE-2000 calibrated against the first IS 87/518, IGF-I RIACT, Mediagnost ELISA, and Mediagnost RIA) that we reported previously. The pairwise concordance among the eight assays was assessed with Bland–Altman plots for both the IGF-1 raw data and the standard deviation scores (SDS), as well as with the percentage of observed agreement and the weighted Kappa coefficient for categorizing IGF-I SDS (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01831648). Results The normative data included the range of values (2.5–97.5 percentiles) given by the two new IGF-I assays according to age group and sex. A formula for the SDS calculation is provided. As for the previous six assays, the lower limits of the reference intervals of the two new assays were similar, but the upper limits varied markedly. The pairwise concordances were only moderate (kappa 0.57). Conclusions Data obtained for these two new IGF-I immunoassays confirm that despite being obtained in the same large healthy population, the reference intervals of the eight commercial IGF-1 assay kits showed noteworthy differences. The agreement among the various methods was moderate to good

وصف المتغيرات الجينية النادرة التي تم اكتشافها باستخدام مجموعات تكثير الحمض النووي الجنائي من ®Promega PowerPlex أثناء تحليل التكرارت المترادفة القصيرة STR لحالات الأبوة والقرابة الروتينية

إن استخدام التتابعات القصيرة المتكررة (STR) يتم على نطاق واسع لغرض الحصول على بصمة وراثية مميزة ضمن مجال الفحوصات الجنائية. وتعنى شعبة العائدية والنسب في دائرة الطب العدلي ببغداد بفحوصات الحمض النووي لقضايا الأبوة والنسب من مختلف محاكم القانون وإدارات الشرطة من جميع أنحاء البلاد. وتم تسجيل عدة أنواع من المتغيرات أثناء تحليل الحمض النووي (مثل أليلات جديدة خارج السلم، ونمط ثلاثي الأليلات، ومواقع متعددة، بالإضافة إلى تسرب الأليل), وتم فحص التغايرات المشتركة بين أفراد الأسرة ضمن هذه الدراسة. تم تحليل 38309 عينة في مختبرات العائدية والنسب لحصول على بصمة الحامض النووي لغرض حل القضايا المحالة للشعبة خلال الفترة بين 2008 إلى 2019. وتم توثيق وتحليل بصمات الحامض النووي التي وجدت أن لديها أنماط STR غير عادية (خارج السلم, أليلات بين المواقع ونمط ثلاثي الأليلات) ضمن هذه الدراسة. تم رصد ما مجموعه 17 متغيرًا واكتشافها على أنها مشتركة بين أفراد الأسرة، والأليلات الجديدة المتغيرة خارج السلم (تسع حالات إضافة إلى حالتين لأليلات بين المواقع)، و ست حالات للنمط ثلاثي الأليلات . إن وجود هذه التغيرات بين أفراد الأسرة هو دليل قوي على أن هذه الاختلافات ذات أصل وراثي، كما أنها توفر فكرة جيدة عن الطبيعة المتنوعة للسكان العراقيين ويمكن استخدامها لإنشاء قاعدة بيانات للبصمة الوراثية التي قد تكون مفيدة لدراسات الأنساب وكذلك من حيث حل النزاعات الأسرية والاجتماعية والأخلاقية

Epidemiological, Clinical, Ultrasonographic and Cytological Characteristics of Thyroid Nodules in an Afro-Caribbean Population: A Series of 420 Patients

The incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing worldwide. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiological, clinical and ultrasound characteristics of malignancy in thyroid nodules and to evaluate the predictive value of the Bethesda system for thyroid cytology in the diagnosis of malignancy in an Afro-Caribbean population. We conducted a retrospective study in Martinique involving 420 patients with a diagnosis of thyroid nodules between 2011 and 2014. Of the 192/420 (45.7%) patients operated on for thyroid nodules, 9% had thyroid cancer. All patients with thyroid cancer were obese women with a mean age of 50 years. The final histological examination revealed papillary microcarcinomas in 61% of cases and papillary carcinomas in 39% of cases. Thyroid cytology alone had a low sensitivity (22.2%) and positive predictive value (15.4%) for the diagnosis of malignancy, with a good specificity (91.1%) and negative predictive value (94.2%). None of the standard ultrasound criteria of malignancy were significantly predictive of cancer, but hypoechogenicity and central vascularity were frequently found in malignant nodules. These epidemiological, clinical and ultrasound results could increase awareness and guide practitioners in their diagnostic approach and management of thyroid nodules in an Afro-Caribbean population. Bethesda system-based cytology revealed lower sensitivity in analyzing the risk of malignancy in this population. The high prevalence of papillary microcarcinomas may explain the inconclusive ultrasound and cytological results