US Cosmic Visions: New Ideas in Dark Matter 2017: Community Report

This white paper summarizes the workshop "U.S. Cosmic Visions: New Ideas in Dark Matter" held at University of Maryland on March 23-25, 2017.Comment: 102 pages + reference

Clinical Features, Cardiovascular Risk Profile, and Therapeutic Trajectories of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Candidate for Oral Semaglutide Therapy in the Italian Specialist Care

Introduction: This study aimed to address therapeutic inertia in the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D) by investigating the potential of early treatment with oral semaglutide. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between October 2021 and April 2022 among specialists treating individuals with T2D. A scientific committee designed a data collection form covering demographics, cardiovascular risk, glucose control metrics, ongoing therapies, and physician judgments on treatment appropriateness. Participants completed anonymous patient questionnaires reflecting routine clinical encounters. The preferred therapeutic regimen for each patient was also identified. Results: The analysis was conducted on 4449 patients initiating oral semaglutide. The population had a relatively short disease duration (42%  60% of patients, and more often than sitagliptin or empagliflozin. Conclusion: The study supports the potential of early implementation of oral semaglutide as a strategy to overcome therapeutic inertia and enhance T2D management

The Botanical Record of Archaeobotany Italian Network - BRAIN: a cooperative network, database and website

Con autorización de la revista para autores CSIC[EN] The BRAIN (Botanical Records of Archaeobotany Italian Network) database and network was developed by the cooperation of archaeobotanists working on Italian archaeological sites. Examples of recent research including pollen or other plant remains in analytical and synthetic papers are reported as an exemplar reference list. This paper retraces the main steps of the creation of BRAIN, from the scientific need for the first research cooperation to the website which has a free online access since 2015.Peer reviewe

Représentations touristiques et corps féminin: les placards publicitaires des vacances en croisières

Cette étude analyse l’image de la femme dans les placards publicitaires des croisières. Ces images sont remarquables pour deux raisons. D’abord elles montrent les aspects socioculturels qui tournent autour de l’image féminine dans le tourisme en posant des réflexions épistémologiques sur le féminisme. Ensuite elles utilisent des stratégies sémiotiques et linguistiques qui jouent un rôle fondamental dans la mise en désir des destinations touristiques. Dans cette recherche, nous nous proposons de souligner l’importance d’une approche anthropologique, sémiotique et linguistique d’un placard publicitaire sur les croisières. Nous analysons largement la fonction de la sexualité féminine par l’image d’un corps bronzé et dénudé et nous nous appuyons sur des hypothèses anthropologiques. L’analyse prend en considération, du point de vue de la linguistique cognitive, l’intentionnalité communicative de la langue qui présente une forte incidence de figures de rhétoriques. En outre nous soulignons l’importance du paratexte (titres, sous-titres, préfaces, choix du public) du point de vue de la linguistique structuraliste. Cette recherche a le but de donner une contribution à l’analyse des pratiques touristiques et cette approche peut être un des outils privilégiés pour atteindre la féminisation du tourisme

Scrotal Trauma

Scrotal trauma accounts for less than 1% of all trauma-related injuries, because of the anatomic location and mobility of the scrotum (Cass and Luxenberg 1991). The peak occurrence of scrotal trauma is in the age range of 10\u201330 years (Wessells and Long 2006). Typically it results from direct injury due to sport injury, motor vehicle collision, or altercation (Deurdulian et al. 2007). Penetrating trauma is also possible, due to gunshot wounds, animal attacks, and self-mutilation. Postsurgical and thermal injuries are rare, but iatrogenic injuries resulting from complications of inguinal herniorrhaphy are quite common. The right testis is injured more often than the left one because of its greater propensity to be trapped against the pubis or inner thigh

Curariform peripheral block of muscular tone selectively increases precentral N30 somatosensory evoked potentials component. A pharmacological study carried out on healthy subjects and parkinsonian syndromes

In the present study we investigated whether the precentral component (N30) of short somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) to median nerve stimulation may be modified by peripheral neuromuscular blocking agent in patients affected by rigidity. We, therefore, recorded SEPs in nine Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and in seven psychotic patients affected by neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), all showing severe rigidity. Each patient group was studied before and after the placebo, and before and after an atracurium besilate bolus of 0.05 mg/kg, in a single recording session. At the time of the test the PD patients had not taken any antiparkinsonian therapy for at least 48 h. The same recordings were also taken on nine neurologically normal subjects undergoing surgical procedures. Atracurium administration produced a remarkable amplitude increase of the major precentral component (N30) of SEPs. An atracurium-induced N30 amplitude increase was observed in both PD patients (from 2.41 to 4.07 microV) and NMS psychotic patients (from 2.03 to 3.97 microV), whereas there was a minor N30 amplitude increase in healthy subjects (from 3.53 to 4. 10 microV). The N30 latency was unaffected. Amplitude and latency of the major parietal SEPs component (N20) was unchanged in the three groups studied. Our results lead to the conclusion that a neuromuscular blocking agent is capable of increasing the N30 amplitude in patients affected by severe rigidity, exclusively reducing their muscular tone without interfering with the central dopaminergic system. Thus, a "peripheral gating" of sensory input to the supplementary motor area due to rigidity may play a relevant role in producing the N30 amplitude decrease described in patients affected by degenerative or pharmacologically induced parkinsonism. The reduction of rigidity could be the mechanism by which dopamine may increase the precentral N30 amplitude in parkinsonian syndromes

Phototautomerism of triazolo-triazole scaffold

It is shown that 4-methyl-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-[1,2,4]-triazolo[3,2-c][1,2,4]triazole exhibits a rich photoinduced protolytic behavior: Förster cycle shows that the protonated nitrogen of the triazolo-triazole ring is a weak photoacid, with DeltapKa=-3; furthermore, at moderately basic pH its deprotonated monoanion exhibits a long distance water mediated phototautomerism, in which the hydroxyl group releases a proton to solvent and a basic nitrogen of the triazolo-triazole fused ring, different from that protonated in the neutral species, is protonated by the solvent

Mild Effects of Sunscreen Agents on a Marine Flatfish: Oxidative Stress, Energetic Profiles, Neurotoxicity and Behaviour in Response to Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Oxybenzone

UV filters are potentially harmful to marine organisms. Given their worldwide dissemination and the scarcity of studies on marine fish, we evaluated the toxicity of an organic (oxybenzone) and an inorganic (titanium dioxide nanoparticles) UV filter, individually and in a binary mixture, in the turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). Fish were intraperitoneally injected and a multi-level assessment was carried out 3 and 7 days later. Oxybenzone and titanium dioxide nanoparticles induced mild effects on turbot, both isolated and in mixture. Neither oxidative stress (intestine, liver and kidney) nor neurotoxicity (brain) was found. However, liver metabolic function was altered after 7 days, suggesting the impairment of the aerobic metabolism. An increased motility rate in oxybenzone treatment was the only behavioural alteration (day 7). The intestine and liver were preferentially targeted, while kidney and brain were unaffected. Both infra- and supra-additive interactions were perceived, with a toxicodynamic nature, resulting either in favourable or unfavourable toxicological outcomes, which were markedly dependent on the organ, parameter and post-injection time. The combined exposure to the UV filters did not show a consistent increment in toxicity in comparison with the isolated exposures, which is an ecologically relevant finding providing key information towards the formulation of environmentally safe sunscreen products