Modified BFGS Update (H-Version) Based on the Determinant Property of Inverse of Hessian Matrix for Unconstrained Optimization

الهدف من هذا البحث هو لتحوير التحديث BFGS النسخة H وذلك بالاعتماد على صفات المحدد لمعكوس المصفوفة هيسين ( المشتقة الثانية لدالة الهدف ) وذلك بتحديث المتجه s ( الفرق بين الحل القادم  الحل الاني ) بحيث تكون قيمة المحدد لمعكوس المصفوفة هيسين القادمة مساوي لقيمة المحدد لمعكوس المصفوفة هيسين الانية في كل تكرار , لذلك فان متتابعة التحديثات للمصفوفة هيسين المتولدة من هذه الطريقة وكذلك  معكوس المصفوفة هيسين سوف تكون قيمة المحدد لها ثابت في كل تكرار ولا تقترب من صيغة المفرد ( المحدد = صفر ) مما يؤدي الى ان البرنامج المستخدم للحسابات العددية سوف لن يتوقف بسبب اقتراب محدد المصفوفة المتولدة من الصفر وان البرنامج المذكور سوف يتوقف فقط عندما نحصل على الحل الامثل لدالة الهدف. اضافة الى ذلك فان التحوير الجديد سوف يحافظ على خاصيتي التناظرية الموجبة للمصفوفة المتولدة  وبدون شروط وفي كل تكرار. The study presents the modification of the Broyden-Flecher-Goldfarb-Shanno (BFGS) update (H-Version) based on the determinant property of inverse of Hessian matrix (second derivative of the objective function), via updating of the vector s ( the difference between the next solution and the current solution), such that the determinant of the next inverse of Hessian matrix is equal to the determinant of the current inverse of Hessian matrix at every iteration. Moreover, the sequence of inverse of Hessian matrix generated by the method would never  approach a near-singular matrix, such that the program would never break before the minimum value of the objective function is obtained. Moreover, the new modification of BFGS update (H-version) preserves the symmetric property and the positive definite property without any condition

Study of prognostic importance of hs-CRP levels in acute stroke patients coming to Theerthanker Mahaveer Medical College, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India

Background: Stroke has been found to be the fourth most fatal cause of death around the globe. Decreased activity and physical work are the major causes of increased incidences of stoke worldwide. It has also been studied that elevated levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) have been related to vascular inflammation whereas CRP is an important biomarker of systemic inflammation. Aim of this study to measure serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels in the patients presenting with stroke, and evaluating its correlation as a prognostic marker in stroke patients.Methods: It was an observational prospective hospital-based case study carried out at Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Centre, a tertiary care hospital situated in Moradabad, India for 5 months period from 1st November 2018 to 31st March 2019. 100 patients of new-onset stroke were included in the study.Results: According to the Scandinavian score, the majority of the patients who had ischemic stroke depicted a score range from 2-8. On the other hand, the majority the patients with hemorrhagic score had a Scandinavian score >14. The mean hs-CRP, when observed between different ranges of the Scandinavian score, showed that in 2-8 range the mean hs-CRP was 31.49±15.00, the mean hs-CRP for 9-14 range was 7.99±6.32 and the mean hs-CRP for >14 range was 7.10±0.32.Conclusions: It can be identified that levels of hs-CRP can be used as a marker to predict the long term prognosis of patients with stroke. In addition to this, it can also be identified that patients with higher levels of hs-CRP have lower Scandinavian score and the patients with lower hs-CRP levels have a higher Scandinavian score. Also, the results show that patients with ischaemic stroke have higher hs-CRP levels as compared to hemorrhagic stroke

Study various clinical manifestations and biochemical parameter for liver dysfunction in association with Plasmodium vivax malaria

Background: Malaria is a parasitic disease which is majorly caused by the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito. It has been estimated that the most common type of malaria affecting the human race is known as Plasmodium vivax. Human malaria is a global burden with 3.4 billion people at risk over 91 endemic countries. According to the WHO, the involvement of liver dysfunction in Plasmodium vivax malaria is not an uncommon phenomenon. Aim of the research was to study various clinical manifestations and biochemical parameter for liver dysfunction in association with Plasmodium vivax malaria.Methods: It was an observational study carried out at Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Centre, a tertiary care hospital situated in Moradabad for a period of 1 year (March 2017-Feb 2018). Total of 200 patients aged above 15 years, with either sex were part of it. All the patients having mixed malaria with dengue, pregnant women and the patients who did not give written consent for being a part of the study were excluded from the study. A detailed clinical examination was done, including all the hematological and biochemical examinations.Results: The results depicted that the number of male patients was 95, and the number of female patients was 105. The majority of the patients belonged to 15-30 years of age group. The major clinical features of the patients suffering from P. Vivax were fever and jaundice. The number of patients with serum bilirubin >3 mg/dl was 55.Conclusions: In light of the above results, it was evident that Plasmodium vivax has the capability of producing jaundice, hepatic dysfunction and anemia. The doctors must be very vigilant while treating the patients with Plasmodium vivax for any symptoms of jaundice as they are often misunderstood as hepatitis

Design of Film Bulk Acoustic Wave Sensor for Internet of Things (IoT) Applications

التوسع السريع لإنترنت الاشياء أدى إلى زيادة الطلب على تقنيات الاستشعار المبتكرة التي يمكن أن توفر بيانات في الوقت الفعلي لمختلف التطبيقات. رنانات الموجات الصوتية ذات الاغشية الرقيقة (FBARs) هي رنانات مصغرة تستخدم التأثير الكهرو إجهادي لإنشاء إشارات كهربائية باستخدام الاهتزازات الميكانيكية والعكس صحيح. ظهرت رنانات FBAR كمتحسسات واعدة لتطبيقات الاستشعار في إنترنت الأشياء نظرًا لحجمها الصغير وحساسيتها العالية وتوافقها مع تقنيات التصنيع الدقيق. يقدم هذا البحث تصميم مستشعر FBAR  لتطبيقات انترنت الاشياء التي تتكون من أكسيد الزنك (ZnO) و ليثيوم نيوباتيت(LiNbO3)  كمواد كهروضغطية والالمنيوم كأقطاب كهربائية علوية وسفلية. تظهر النتائج الأداء المتفوق للرنان المقترح. بناءً على نتائج النمذجة ، فإن تردد الرنين هو 12.02 و 10.36 جيجاهرتز مع عامل جودة 936.7 و 941.3 ومعامل الاقتران الفعال 18.35 و 18.27٪ لـ أكسيد الزنك و ليثيوم نيوباتيت على التوالي.The Internet of Things (IoT) is expanding quickly, which has increased demand for innovative sensing technologies that can provide real-time data for various applications. Film Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonators (FBARs) are miniature resonators that utilize the piezoelectric effect to create electrical signals using mechanical vibrations and vice versa. FBAR resonators have emerged as promising candidates for sensor applications in IoT due to their compact size, high sensitivity, and compatibility with microfabrication techniques. This paper presents design of FBAR sensor as gas and pressure sensor for IOT applications consisting of zinc oxide (ZnO) and Lithium niobate (LiNbO3) as piezoelectric film and Aluminum (Al) as top and bottom electrodes. The results show the superior performance of the proposed resonator. Based on the modeling results, the structure's resonance frequency is 12.02 and 10.36 GHz with a quality factor of 936.7 and 941.3 and an effective coupling coefficient of  18.35 and 18.27 % for ZnO and LiNbO3 respectively

Effectiveness of Robotic Gaming Towards Students Motivation for Respiration Topic

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of learning robot game on student motivation for cell respiration topic. A total of 474 students oneyear module 1 & 3 involving three colleges Kedah Matriculation College, Perlis Matriculation College and Perak Matriculation College. The motivational questionnaire on learning materials developed by Keller (1987) was used in the study to measure student motivation. This study uses a quantitative non-survey approach with quasi-experimental design involving treatment and control groups. Robots developed using the Arduino-uno brain and coding processes for robot coordination through the software Scratch for Arduino (S4A). Student motivation was measured at three different time periods (pre-questionnaire, post-questionnaire and postquestionnaire 2). The two statistical test was performed, repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) one way at significant level p<0.05, Mauchly test and also the effect size as measurement was performed at three different time periods. The results of the analysis showed that both control and treatment groups showed significant improvement in three periods based on motivation with p <0.05. Howeversuch a size effect shows that the treatment group has a high impact and the desired zone effect from the learning material compared to the control group

The UK BIO-TRAC Study: a cross-sectional study of product and batch traceability for biologics in clinical practice and electronic adverse drug reaction reporting in the UK

Introduction: Due to the complexity of biologics and the inherent challenges for manufacturing, it is important to know the specific brand name and batch number of suspected biologics in adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the extent to which biologics are traceable by brand name and batch number in UK hospital practice and in ADRs reported by patients and healthcare professionals. Methods: We performed an online hospital pharmacist survey to capture information on how specific product details are recorded during the processes of prescribing, dispensing and administration of biologics in routine UK hospital practice. We also assessed the proportion of ADR reports specifying brand name and batch number from electronic ADR reports submitted to the UK national spontaneous reporting database, the Yellow Card Scheme, between 1 January 2009 and 30 September 2017. Results: Brand name recording in routine hospital processes ranged from 79 to 91%, whereas batch numbers were less routinely recorded, ranging from 38 to 58%. Paper-based recording of product details was more commonly used for recording information. A total of 6108 electronic ADR reports were submitted to the Yellow Card Scheme for recombinant biologics, of which 38% and 15%, respectively, had an identifiable brand name and batch numbers. Whereas batch number traceability in electronic ADR reports improved slightly after the implementation of the European Union pharmacovigilance legislation in 2012, no improvement of brand name traceability was observed. Conclusion: Brand name and batch number traceability for biologics in UK ADR reports are generally low. Shortcomings in the systematic recording of product details in UK clinical practice may contribute to the limited traceability.</p

Positive Definiteness of Symmetric Rank 1 (H-Version) Update for Unconstrained Optimization

عدة محاولات بذلت لتحوير شرط كواسي نيوتن للمثلية غير المقيدة وذلك للحصول على تقارب اسرع مع خواص كاملة ( التناظرية والموجبة) لمعكوس المصفوفة هسين (المشتقة الثانية لدالة الهدف), هناك الكثير من طرق المثلية غير المقيدة التي لا تولد معكوس مصفوفة هيسين موجبة. احد هذه الطرق هو التحديث التناظري من الرتبة الاولى (النسخة H ), حيث ان هذا التحديث يحقق شرط كواسي نيوتن وايضا يحقق  صفة التناظرية ولكنه لا يضمن خاصية الموجبة لمعكوس مصفوفة هيسين عندما تكون معكوس مصفوفة هيسين الابتدائية موجبة. ان الموجبة لمعكوس المصفوفة هيسين مهم لضمان وجود نقطة النهاية الصغرى لدالة الهدف وكذلك للحصول على اصغر قيمة لدالة الهدف.Several attempts have been made to modify the quasi-Newton condition in order to obtain rapid convergence with complete properties (symmetric and positive definite) of the inverse of  Hessian matrix (second derivative of the objective function). There are many unconstrained optimization methods that do not generate positive definiteness of the inverse of Hessian matrix. One of those methods is the symmetric rank 1( H-version) update (SR1 update), where this update satisfies the quasi-Newton condition and the symmetric property of inverse of Hessian matrix, but does not preserve the positive definite property of the inverse of Hessian matrix where the initial inverse of Hessian matrix is positive definiteness. The positive definite property for the inverse of Hessian matrix is very important to guarantee the existence of the minimum point of the objective function and determine the minimum value of the objective function

Molecular Localization of Epstein Barr Virus and Rb Tumor Suppressor Gene Expression in Tissues from Prostatic Adenocarcinoma and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Background Epstein- Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous in that infecting more than 90% of adult population worldwide. Recently, EBV has been linked to the development of variety of human malignancies including prostate tissues that range from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) to prostatic adenocarcinoma (PAC). Somatic point mutations in Rb gene have been detected in prostate cancer and are involved in progression steps of prostate carcinogenesis. Objective: To analyze the distribution and impact of concordant Rb expression and latent EBV infection on a group of prostate adenocarcinoma and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Patients and methods: Seventy- two (72) formalin-fixed, paraffin- embedded  prostatic tissues were obtained in this study; (40) biopsies from prostatic carcinoma and  (20) from benign prostate hyperplasia as well as (12) apparently normal prostatic  autopsies control group. Detection of EBV-EBERs was done by ultra sensitive version of in situ hybridization method where as immunohistochemistry detection system was used to demonstrate the expression of Rb gene. Results: Detection of EBV-EBERs -ISH reactions in tissues with PAC was observed in 19 out of 40 (47.5%), while in the tissues from BPH was detected in 10% (2 out of 20). No EBV-EBERs positive – ISH reaction was detected in healthy prostate tissues in the control group.   The differences between the percentages of EBERs detection in tissues PAC and each of BPH &amp; control groups were statistically highly significant (P value = &lt; 0.0001). Positive Rb immunohistochemical (IHC) reactions were observed in 19 PAC cases (47.5%) and in 2 BPH cases (10%). Conclusions: Our results indicate that the EBV might contribute to the development of subset of prostate tumors. In addition, the significant percentage of expression of possible Rb gene as well as EBV in prostate adenocarcinoma could indicate for an important role of these molecular and viral factors in prostatic carcinogenesis. Key word: EBV; prostate adenocarcinoma, benign prostatic hyperplasia, in situ hybridization

Performance Analysis of MEMS Based Oscillator for High Frequency Wireless Communication Systems

The frequency oscillator is a basic component found in many electrical, electronic, and communications circuits and systems. Oscillators come in a variety of shapes and sizes, depending on the frequency range employed in a given application. Some applications need oscillators that generate low frequencies and other applications need oscillators that generate extremely high and high frequencies. As a result of the expansion and speed of modern technologies, new oscillators appeared that operating at extremely high frequencies. Most wireless communication systems are constrained in their performance by the accuracy and stability of the reference frequency. Because of its compatibility with silicon, micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) is the preferred technology for circuit integration and power reduction. MEMS are a rapidly evolving area of advanced microelectronics. The integration of electrical and mechanical components at the micro size is referred to as a MEMS. MEMS based oscillators have demonstrated tremendous high frequency application potential in recent years. This is owing to their great characteristics such as small size, integration of CMOS IC technology, high frequency-quality factor product, low power consumption, and cheap batch manufacturing cost. This paper's primary objective is to describe the performance of MEMS oscillator technology in high-frequency applications, as well as to discuss the challenges of developing a new MEMS oscillator capable of operating at gigahertz frequencies