Defining new therapeutics using a more immunocompetent mouse model of antibody-enhanced dengue virus infection

With over 3.5 billion people at risk and approximately 390 million human infections per year, dengue virus (DENV) disease strains health care resources worldwide. Previously, we and others established models for DENV pathogenesis in mice that completely lack subunits of the receptors (Ifnar and Ifngr) for type I and type II interferon (IFN) signaling; however, the utility of these models is limited by the pleotropic effect of these cytokines on innate and adaptive immune system development and function. Here, we demonstrate that the specific deletion of Ifnar expression on subsets of murine myeloid cells (LysM Cre(+) Ifnar(flox/flox) [denoted as Ifnar(f/f) herein]) resulted in enhanced DENV replication in vivo. The administration of subneutralizing amounts of cross-reactive anti-DENV monoclonal antibodies to LysM Cre(+) Ifnar(f/f) mice prior to infection with DENV serotype 2 or 3 resulted in antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of infection with many of the characteristics associated with severe DENV disease in humans, including plasma leakage, hypercytokinemia, liver injury, hemoconcentration, and thrombocytopenia. Notably, the pathogenesis of severe DENV-2 or DENV-3 infection in LysM Cre(+) Ifnar(f/f) mice was blocked by pre- or postexposure administration of a bispecific dual-affinity retargeting molecule (DART) or an optimized RIG-I receptor agonist that stimulates innate immune responses. Our findings establish a more immunocompetent animal model of ADE of infection with multiple DENV serotypes in which disease is inhibited by treatment with broad-spectrum antibody derivatives or innate immune stimulatory agents

Supplementary Methods from Establishment and Characterization of an Epstein-Barr Virus–positive Cell Line from a Non-keratinizing Differentiated Primary Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Supplementary Methods</p

Supplementary Figure 7 from Establishment and Characterization of an Epstein-Barr Virus–positive Cell Line from a Non-keratinizing Differentiated Primary Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Uncropped western blot images</p

Supplementary Figure 2 from Establishment and Characterization of an Epstein-Barr Virus–positive Cell Line from a Non-keratinizing Differentiated Primary Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

EBV in NPC268 can be induced into lytic phase using various chemical inducers.</p

Supplementary Figure 3 from Establishment and Characterization of an Epstein-Barr Virus–positive Cell Line from a Non-keratinizing Differentiated Primary Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

NPC268 is capable of anchorage-independent growth and is tumorigenic in vivo.</p

Supplementary Table 5 from Establishment and Characterization of an Epstein-Barr Virus–positive Cell Line from a Non-keratinizing Differentiated Primary Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Antibodies used for western blotting</p

Supplementary Table 3 from Establishment and Characterization of an Epstein-Barr Virus–positive Cell Line from a Non-keratinizing Differentiated Primary Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Short Tandem Repeats (STR) profiling of NPC268 cell lines at early and late passages confirmed authenticity with patient's buffy coat DNA</p

Supplementary Figure 6 from Establishment and Characterization of an Epstein-Barr Virus–positive Cell Line from a Non-keratinizing Differentiated Primary Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Correlation analyses of BCL2L2 gene expression with its inhibitors.</p

Supplementary Table 9 from Establishment and Characterization of an Epstein-Barr Virus–positive Cell Line from a Non-keratinizing Differentiated Primary Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Summary table comparing NPC268 with other three EBV-positive lines</p