Dental Patient’s Knowledge and Awareness Regarding Effects of Smoking on Oral Health among Smokers and Nonsmokers: A Comparative Study

Aims and objectives: The aim of the present study is to examine the difference in dental patient’s knowledge and awareness regarding effects of smoking on oral health betweensmokers and nonsmokers. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was carried out among 199 dental patients from Sri Aurobindo Institute of Dental Science, Indore. A self-prepared questionnaire was used to assess the awareness regarding the effects of smoking on oral health. Chi-square test and multiple linear logistic regression model was applied using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) software. Results: The prevalence of smoking was 22.6%. Fewer smokers and tobacco users than nonusers thought that oral health and smoking are related (28.0 vs 63.3%, p = 0.009). Multiple linear logistic regression was used to assess the association of each variable with awareness, which showed that smokers are less aware of the oral health effects of smoking than the nonsmokers. Conclusion: Smoking and tobacco using subjects are significantly less aware of the oral health effects of smoking as compared to nonsmokers. Comparative studies in other populations may be warranted to ascertain the validity of these results

Structure of a new benzofuran derivative

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STRUCTURE OF A NEW BENZOFURAN DERIVATIVE

3,3a-Epoxy-7a-hydroxy-3,7,7-trimethyl-2,3,3a,7a-tetrahydro-7H-benzofuran-4-one, C11H14O4, m.p. = 408 K, M(r) = 210.23, monoclinic, P2(1)/c, a = 8.230 (1), b = 10.030 (1), c = 12.727 (1) angstrom, beta = 96.29 (1)-degrees, V = 1044.28 angstrom 3, Z = 4, D(x) = 1.337 Mg m-3, lambda(Mo K-alpha) = 0.71069 angstrom, mu(Mo K-alpha) = 0.062 mm-1, F(000) = 448, T = 295 K, final R = 0.045, wR = 0.053 for 1437 observed reflections. Both the rings in the molecule are cis fused. Intermolecular O-H...O and C-H...O interactions are observed

Structure of an intermediate methylated product in the synthesis of Drimanes

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PEGylated rosin derivatives: Novel microencapsulating materials for sustained drug delivery

The aim of this study was to investigate PEGylated rosin derivatives (PRDs) as microencapsulating materials for sustained drug delivery. PRDs (D1, D2, and D3) composed of a constant weight of rosin and varied amounts of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400 and maleic anhydride were synthesized in the laboratory. Microparticles were prepared by the O/O solvent evaporation technique using the acetone/paraffin system. Diclofenac sodium (DFS) and diltiazem hydrochloride (DLTZ) were used as model drugs. The effect of the type of PRD, drug, PRD:drug ratio, viscosity of external phase, stirring speed, concentration of magnesium stearate (droplet stabilizer), and method of preparation on particle size, drug loading, and drug release profiles of microparticles was investigated. PRDs could produce discrete and spherical microspheres (with DFS) and microcapsules (with DLTZ). The drug loading value for microparticles was found to be in the range of 37.21% to 87.90%. The microparticle size range was 14 to 36 μm. The particle size and drug loadings of microparticles were substantially affected by the concentration of magnesium stearate and the type of drug, respectively. Most of the formulations could sustain the DFS and DLTZ release for 20 hours. DFS and DLTZ release from PRD microparticles followed Hixson-Crowell and first-order kinetics, respectively. The results suggest that PRDs can be used successfully to prepare discrete and spherical microparticles with DFS and DLTZ for sustained drug delivery