[Towards advanced biotechnological developments to realize the genetic potential of egg-type poultry] Направления современных биотехнологических разработок для реализации генетического потенциала яичной птицы

Realization of the genetic potential of laying hens makes it feasible to achieve the maximum possible yield of egg products against, while using effective feed compositions and various feed additives. Implementation of molecular genetic technologies for the analysis of intestinal microbiota and the expression of key genes for productivity and resistance is an important tool in studying mechanisms of the effects of feed preparations on microorganism of birds. Within the framework of the project for the development of modern biotechnologies to assess gene expression, we carried out an experiment to assess influence of human recombinant interferon alpha-2b on the expression of genes for productivity and immunity in laying hens. A positive effect of the additive on the immune system of birds and the effectiveness of molecular genetic technologies for assessing the expression of key genes and the use of the studied additives in feeding of egg-type poultry have been shown. Реализация генетического потенциала кур-несушек позволяет достигать максимально возможный выход яичной продукции на фоне применения эффективных композиций кормов и различных кормовых добавок. Внедрение молекулярно-генетических технологий для анализа микробиоты кишечника и экспрессии ключевых генов продуктивности и резистентности является важным инструментом в исследовании механизмов воздействия кормовых препаратов на макроорганизм птицы. В рамках проекта по разработке современных биотехнологий для оценки экспрессии генов нами осуществлен эксперимент по изучению человеческого рекомбинантного интерферона альфа-2b на экспрессию генов продуктивности и иммунитета у кур-несушек. Показаны положительное влияние препарата на иммунную систему птиц и эффективность молекулярно-генетических технологий для оценки экспрессии ключевых генов и использования изучаемых добавок в кормлении яичной птицы

From feed regulation to regulated feeding: intestinal microbiome and performance optimization in broiler chickens in response to antibiotic and probiotic treatment [От регулирования кормов к регулируемому кормлению: оптимизация микробиома кишечника и продуктивности цыплят-бройлеров в ответ на применение антибиотика и пробиотика]

Aims: The nutrition and immune system of poultry are significantly influenced by gut bacteria. The physiological status, metabolism, and innate immunity of poultry are all impacted by changes in the gut microbiota [1,2]. The current study aimed to define age-related changes in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiota, with the addition of the in-feed antibiotic Stafac® 110 and a probiotic based on the Bacillus subtilis strain to the diet of broiler chickens. Methods: Using a molecular genetic technique called the Terminal-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis [3,4], a thorough investigation of the taxonomic structure of the microbial community in the GIT of broiler chickens was conducted in this regard, while considering age dynamics and feeding treatment. The latter involved administering the in-feed antibiotic Stafac® 110 as well as a probiotic based on the Bacillus subtilis strain 1-85. Results: The findings provided insight into how the GIT microflora of broiler chickens develops during the developing stage and how it alters in response to antibiotic and probiotic treatment. Using the antibiotic and probiotic in compound feeds had a positive impact on the microbiological makeup and body weight of broilers. Due to the addition of the antibiotic and probiotic to the feed, different bacterial communities were found in the duodenum and cecum of broiler chickens, and their beneficial effects on broiler growth were demonstrated. Conclusions: We propose that the use of the tested in-feed antibiotic and probiotic can be advantageous in regulating microbial activities in the GIT and improving broiler chicken productivity and feeding effectiveness. These feed additives can form the basis of a useful procedure for controlling the intestinal microbiota and enhancing broiler performance