Energy Contents of Gravitational Waves in Teleparallel Gravity

The conserved quantities, that are, gravitational energy-momentum and its relevant quantities are investigated for cylindrical and spherical gravitational waves in the framework of teleparallel equivalent of General Relativity using the Hamiltonian approach. For both cylindrical and spherical gravitational waves, we obtain definite energy and constant momentum. The constant momentum shows consistency with the results available in General Relativity and teleparallel gravity. The angular momentum for cylindrical and spherical gravitational waves also turn out to be constant. Further, we evaluate their gravitational energy-momentum fluxes and gravitational pressure.Comment: 14 pages, accepted for publication in Mod. Phys. Lett.

Challenges to Female Educational Leaders in Pakistan: Effectiveness of Female Educational Leaders

While highlighting not only the challenges that female educational leaders encounter in maintaining their leading and managerial positions in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (henceforth, KP), Pakistan, this study identifies the stratagems that they adopt while handling those challenges. Using qualitative case study design, the data from nine participant female educational leaders (elementary education managers) at three districts of KP were collected via semi-structured interviews, field notes, and observations. Findings of the study exhibit that female educational managers faced various challenges in the workplace that lead to limiting their effectiveness and efficiency in their administrative roles. In order to cope with the challenges, the participant female educational leaders identified professional development courses, mentoring, family support, collaboration, and understanding of culture as some of the effective strategies. This study thus recommends that for empowering female educational leaders to deal with challenges effectively, a degree in educational management and leadership as a prerequisite for educational managers, an appropriate method of induction for new leaders, and few policy level changes are desirable

Exploring the co-relation of a headteachers\u27 decision making and her prior professional experiences in dealing with challenges in intial years of headship

This study explores the co-relationship of decision-making and prior professional experiences of a headteacher in dealing with challenges in the initial years of headship in a Government Secondary School in Karachi. The purpose of the study was to get insights into the process of how headteacher\u27s decisions were informed by her prior professional experiences in coping with the challenges in the initial years of headship; and to understand the factors, other than professional experiences which tend to influence a headteacher\u27s decisions in dealing with challenges. It is a case-study of a newly promoted female headteacher with twenty-nine years of teaching experience, posted in the same Government Secondary School. Multiple repertoire of data collection tools (interviews, observations, document analysis and reflective memos) were being used to collect informations about the inquiry. The findings of the study explored the assumption of the study that headteacher\u27s prior professional experiences do influence her decision-making in dealing with the challenges in the initial years of headship. Moreover, it was found that decision-making processes and her prior professional experiences were co-related in teaching and learning, leading and managing the staff, efficient and effective deployment of the staff, strategic direction and development of the school, and resources and accountability. The intensity of the influence, however, varied was found very intense in three major areas of school leadership and management; in teaching and learning, leading and managing the staff and, in effective and efficient deployment of the staff. The findings depicted that a headteacher\u27s decisions were highly dependent on her prior experiences. In the rest of the two areas, strategic direction and development of the school and, resources and accountability data showed that headteacher was dependent on others\u27 professional expertise also. Other factors, which tend to influence the headteacher\u27s decisions in dealing with challenges in the initial years, were found to be: pressure from high management and community, accountability, personal values and priorities, and relationships with stakeholders. The study has proposed recommendations and questions for further exploration

Beanspruchung segmentierter Werkzeuge beim Innenhochdruck-Umformen Abschlussbericht

SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: RO 146(163) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekArbeitsgemeinschaft Industrieller Forschungsvereinigungen 'Otto von Guericke' e.V. (AIF), Koeln (Germany); Bundesministerium fuer Wirtschaft und Technologie (BMWi), Berlin (Germany)DEGerman

Synthesis of SPIONs-CNT Based Novel Nanocomposite for Effective Amperometric Sensing of First-Line Antituberculosis Drug Rifampicin

Synthesis of SPIONs-CNT Based Novel Nanocomposite for Effective Amperometric Sensing of First-Line Antituberculosis Drug Rifampici