ジョシダイガクセイガフリカエルドウセイユウジンカンケイ -ゼンセイネンキカラセイネンキヲトオシテ-

Many children spend their school lives, from childhood to adolescence, with their same age group. At the time of adolescence, relationships with same-sex friends can be important in identity formation as children develop independence from their families. Friendship therefore plays a role in emotional protection. However, if adolescents have trouble with their friendships or cannot keep up with their friends, then they may have difficulty adapting to school life. Peer group relationships therefore have a strong influence on school life. We conducted research with a group of female college students. Participants were asked to retrospectively examine their friendships in childhood and adolescence and to freely write down the "good aspects of friendship" and the "difficult aspects of friendship," using their own expressions, as a type of academic report. Ninety-two participants responded to the questionnaire. We categorized the answers by content. Answers covering the "good aspects of friendship" included experiences of empathy, sympathy, and self-disclosure. These were positive aspects of friendship. Answers covering the "difficult aspects of friendship" included experiences of conforming behavior, bullying, and worry about maintaining friendships. These were negative aspects of friendship. Many of the difficult aspects of friendship were associated with the respondents\u27 experiences in junior high school. They especially had difficulties with friendships within girls\u27 groups. As a manifestation of peer pressure (Kurosawa,2007), during junior high school children demand sameness among friends, so those who differ from others are victimized and the unity of the group increases. Our results demonstrated the difficulties experienced with friendships during junior high school, especially within groups. This trend can be seen as evidence of peer pressure

シンユウ カンケイ ノ ヒカリ ト カゲ

In this thesis, we discuss two aspects of close friendship. First, the positive aspects- in other words, the light of friendship. Second, we focus on the problems and difficulties of friendship- that is, the shadow of friendship- and discuss the reason why such problems occur. It seems that problems with friendship are more complicated for girls than for boys, so we discuss friendships among girls in a later part of the theses. At the same time, we examine gender differences in friendship. Sullivan(1953) pointed out the positive aspects of close friendships. According to him, around the time of pre-adolescence, close friendships develop between two children of the same sex and age; Sullivan called this "chum-ship." He explained that such close friendships heal any distortion within the child\u27s former development and promote the child\u27s psychological development. Many researchers suggest that an individual\u27s experience of chum-ship is associated with subsequent positive aspects of psychological adjustment. There are a number of reasons why close friendships become important at this time. First, they play a role of psychological protection during a time of transition, Second, a close friend can act as a model or mirror for the child- someone the child can identify with. Finally , a close friends can act as a mediator between the child\u27s internal and external words. To ciscuss the shadow aspects of close friendship, we focused on a number of phenomena, namely bullying school refusal, and the occurrence of traunatic encounters between two girls. We discuss how bullying occurs according to peer pressure, which demands sameness within peer groups. Next, we introduce cases in which girls have refused to go to school because of trouble among friends, and we examine the background problems in these cases. Finally, we discuss traumatic encounters between two girls who were previously friends, in referece to the mirror stage theory(Lacan,1949). In such cases, the function of mirroring in the friendship is considered to have worked negatively

Validity and reproducibility of food photographic estimation for evaluating meals in evacuation shelters

Objective: The primary goal was to evaluate the validity of food photographic estimation for nutritional assessment compared with weighed food record (WFR). Methods: We evaluated the validity and reproducibility of photographic estimation of foods provided in evacuation shelters. We analyzed 35 meals served at 12 shelters in Kumamoto Prefecture in Japan, affected by a heavy rain disaster in 2020. In this context, we compared 21 senior students' portion size estimation by food photographs to WFR. In addition, we assigned five meals for each of the 21 senior students, and the same meal photograph was estimated by three students to test reproducibility. Results: No statistically significant difference was detected between the two methods regarding energy, the total grams of meal, the protein, and vitamins B1, B2, and C, except for salt. In addition, the students who never self-cooked underestimated the total grams. Conclusion: Food photographic estimation could simplify the nutritional assessment in evacuation shelters. However, unclear photographs and food items served by weight could weaken the estimation accuracy. According to previous studies and the applied postestimation questionnaire, photographs taken from specified angles and reference food photobooks for portion size estimation may improve accuracy

The Relationship Between Adolescent Friendships and Their Self-Disclosure to Friends and Parents

現代青年における「友人関係の希薄化」と、「親子関係の友だち化」の現象は、思春期における親からの心理的な分離の遷延化の傾向を背景に、相互に関連しながら生じているのではないかと考えられる。本研究では、上記の関連について検討することを目的とし、大学生を対象に、友人関係と友人と親への自己開示の傾向について、調査を行い検討した。その結果、自身が傷つくことを恐れて閉鎖的な傾向にある「関係回避群」が、傷つけられることを避け楽しく振る舞う「群れ指向群」と、友人に気遣いオープンに接する「気遣い内面関係群」より友人に対する自己開示量が少ない傾向にあり、また友人より親に対して自己開示する傾向にあった。関係回避群が、保護者として自分を受容してくれ安心できる親に対しての自己開示は行えるが、友人に対しては傷つけられることを恐れて開示しない傾向にあり、友人より親を心理的なよりどころとしている傾向が高いためではないかと考えられた。群れ指向群と気遣い内面関係群では、親にも友人にも自己開示を同等に行っていることがわかり、親からの心理的分離の過程で、親と友人の両者を心理的なよりどころとしている状態が示されたと考察された。The phenomenon of adolescent friendships is becoming weaker and the recent relationships between parents and their adolescent children more like friendships are thought to be related. This may be due to the prolonged adolescent psychological separation from parents. This study examines adolescent friendships, and the tendency of adolescents to self-disclose to their friends and parents. The self -disclosure scale and friendship scale was conducted with 108 university students. The results show that adolescents who were careful not to get hurt by their friends tended not to disclose much to them. In contrast, ① adolescents who were careful not to hurt their friends but developed emotionally close friendships, and ② adolescents who tend not to be hurt by friends and were friendly with friends disclosed much to them. Further, adolescents who were careful not to get hurt by their friends tended to self-disclose to their parents more than their friends. This suggests that adolescents may feel more secure self-disclosing to their parents, due to their unconditional acceptance. Thus, this group of adolescents may still be psychologically dependent on their parents despite their age. Notably, the other two groups of adolescents, tended to self-disclose equally to both their parents and friends. Thus, it is presumed that these adolescents are psychologically dependent both on their parents and friends during the period of psychological separation from their parents.departmental bulletin pape

Microtubule Hyperacetylation Enhances KL1-Dependent Micronucleation under a Tau Deficiency in Mammary Epithelial Cells

Enhanced microtubule acetylation has been identified as a negative prognostic indicator in breast cancer. We reported previously that primary cultured human mammary epithelial cells manifest breast cancer-related aneuploidization via the activation of severing protein katanin-like (KL)1 when tau is deficient. To address in this current study whether microtubule hyperacetylation is involved in breast carcinogenesis through mitosis, the effects of tubacin on human mammary epithelial cells were tested using immunofluorescence techniques. Tau-knockdown cells showed enhancement of KL1-dependent events, chromosome-bridging and micronucleation in response to tubacin. These enhancements were suppressed by further expression of an acetylation-deficient tubulin mutant. Consistently, using a rat fibroblast-based microtubule sensitivity test, it was confirmed that KL1 also shows enhanced activity in response to microtubule hyperacetylation as well as katanin. It was further observed in rat fibroblasts that exogenously expressed KL1 results in more micronucleation under microtubule hyperacetylation conditions. These data suggest that microtubule acetylation upregulates KL1 and induces more aneuploidy if tau is deficient. It is thus plausible that microtubule hyperacetylation promotes tumor progression by enhancing microtubule sensitivity to KL1, thereby disrupting spindle microtubules and this process could be reversed by the microtubule-binding and microtubule protective octapeptide NAPVSIPQ (NAP) which recruits tau to the microtubules