EFFECTS OF PISOLITHUS TINCTORIUS AND LACCARIA FRATERNA ON THE GROWTH AND MYCORRfflZAL DEVELOPMENT OF PINUSPATULA SEEDLINGS*)

Vegetative inoculum of Pisolithus tinctorius and Laccariafraterna were inoculated to Pinuspatula seedlings grown in both steam sterilized and unsterilized shola soil. After 4 months of seedling growth, 10 seedlings from each treatment were harvested and various growth parameters were studied. Inoculation of these two fungi resulted in  the  production  of  ectomycorrhizas  and  increase  in  growth  of  P.  patula  seedlings when  compared  to uninoculated  seedlings.  Laccariafraterna  inoculated  seedlings  showed  more  number  of mycorrhizas  than  P. tinctorius inoculated seedlings at the end of one year. Both these fungi poorly colonized the root system in both soil treatments. There was no significant difference between these two fungi in improving the seedling growth in the nursery.Key words: Pisolithus tinctorius/Laccaria fraterna/Pinus patula/Inoculum/Seedlings/Growth

On the distinction between Penaeus indicus H. Milne Edwards and Penaeus merguiensis De Man (Crustacea : Penaeidae) with special reference to juveniles

Clear-cut differences between the juveniles of Penaeus indicus and Penaeus merguiensis are pointed out in this paper. On the basis of the colour pattern of the antennal flagella, antennular flagella and the pleopods, and the disposition of the rostral teeth it is now possible to identify the juveniles of P. indicus and P. merglliensis with certainty

Cepstrum Analysis: An Advanced Technique in Vibration Analysis of Defects in Rotating Machinery

Conventional frequency analysis in machinery vibration is not adequate to find out accurately defects in gears, bearings, and blades where sidebands and harmonics are present. Also such an approach is dependent on the transmission path. On the other hand, cepstrum analysis accurately identifies harmonics and sideband families and is a better technique available for fault diagnosis in gears, bearings, and turbine blades of ships and submarines. Cepstrum represents the global power content of a whole family of harmonics and sidebands when more than one family of sidebands are presents at the same time. Also it is insensitive to the transmission path effects since source and transmission path effects are additive and can be separated in cepstrum. The concept, underlying theory and the measurement and analysis involved for using the technique are briefly outlined. Two cases were taken to demonstrate advantage of cepstrum technique over the spectrum analysis. An LP compressor was chosen to study the transmission path effects and a marine gearbox having two sets of sideband families was studied to diagnose the problematic sideband and its severity

Isothermal and Near Isothermal Processing of Titanium Alloys

Isothermal and near isothermal forging are specialized metal processing techniques which are used for producing critical aeroengine components out of advanced materials such as titanium alloys. The process can be used to produce net / near net shape components leading to optimum utilization of materials. As titanium alloys are highly sensitive to temperature and strain rate, these processes help to deform them under slow and controlled strain rates.  Further, these processes can be combined with other conventional and non conventional metal forming processes to refine the microstructure. For example, multiaxial isothermal forging coupled with pack rolling can be used to produce thin sheets out of titanium alloys with submicron grain size. The refined structure exhibits superplastic characteristics at low temperatures and high strain rates. This lower temperature superplastic characteristic can be exploited to establish technologies for producing various components. The paper throws light on the capabilities of isothermal forging process and its variants.Defence Science Journal, 2011, 61(1), pp.72-80, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.61.32

Effect of Heat Transfer on Free Surface Flow of a Jeffrey Fluid over a Deformable Permeable Bed

Free surface flow of a conducting Jeffrey fluid in a channel is investigated. The channel is bounded below by a finite deformable porous layer. The governing equations are solved in the free flow region and deformable porous layer. The expressions for the velocity field and solid displacement are obtained. The effects of the Jeffrey parameter, viscosity parameter, the volume fraction component of the fluid on the velocity displacement and mass flux are discussed. It is found that the velocity increases with the increase in the non-Newtonian Jeffrey parameter. Keywords: Free surface flow; Jeffrey fluid; Porous layer; Permeable bed

Ek Hathiya Dewal: A Rock-Cut Nagara Temple at Thal, Uttarakhand

The diminutive rock-cut temple at Thal was first reported in 1916, and later described briefly in 1975. So far, there has been no detailed description or drawings published, for the same. In this paper, we describe this small, but important monument, present measured drawings for the same, and speculate on the possible date of the rock-cut temple, based on comparison with similar monuments in the region and elsewhere

A Study on Fish Classification Techniques using Convolutional Neural Networks on Highly Challenged Underwater Images

Underwater Fish Species Recognition (UFSR) has attained significance because of evolving research in underwater life. Manual techniques to distinguish fish can be tricky and tedious. They might require enormous inspecting endeavours, but they can be costly. It results in limited data and a lack of human resources, which may cause incorrect object identification. Automating the fish species detection and recognition utilizing technology would assist sea life science to evolve further. UFSR in wild natural habitats is difficult because the images open natural habitat, complex background, and low luminance. Species Visualization can assist us with deep knowledge of the movements of the species underwater. Automation systems can help to classify the fish accurately and consistently. Image classification has been emerging research with the advancement of deep learning systems. The reason is that the convolutional neural networks (CNNs) don't require explicit feature extraction methods. The vast majority of the current object detection and recognition mechanisms are based on images in the outdoor environment. This paper mainly reviews the strategies proposed in the past years for underwater fish detection and classification. Further, the paper also presents the classification of three different underwater datasets using CNN with evaluation metrics

Crustacean resources of the Lakshadweep islands

Information on the crustacean resources of Lakshadweep is limited to only a few faunistic reports on crabs, prawns, lobsters and stomatopods (Alcock, 1895, 1896, 1998, 1899, 1900; Borradaile, 19C3a, 1903b, 1903c, 1903d, 19o6a, 1906b; Sankarankutty, 196); Thomas 1970a, 1970b, Meiyappan and Kathirvel, 1978; Piilai era/, 1984 and Shanbhogue, 1986) A total of 132 species of brachyuran crabs mostly belonging to Calappidae, Majidae, Parthenopidae, Portunidae, Xanthidae, Ocypodidae and Grapsidae, 4 species of palinurid lobsters, 2 species of scyllarid lobsters, 6 species of penaeid prawns and 7 species of stomatopods have been recorded so far from these islands

Nutritional status and socioeconomic empowerment of fisherwomen in the coastal ecosystem of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu, India

This study was carried out in the coastal areas of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. From these states, 13 districts and 28 villages were selected. A total of 5,744 households were covered. Cereal consumption was highest in Andhra Pradesh followed by Kerala, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. Pulse consumption was high in Kerala when compared to other states. The overall energy intake of the fisherwomen was 1,827 kcal/day; protein intake was 50.6 gm/day; carbohydrate intake was 343.5 gm/day; and fat intake was 27 gm/day. The mean intake of micronutrients was less than the recommended dietary allowance. The mean body mass index was 21.3. The nutritional status of the women was: 49% normal; 17% low normal; 10.5% mildly malnourished; 4% moderately malnourished; and 2.9% severely malnourished. About 11.5% of the fisherwomen were overweight and 4.6% were obese. A subsample of 915 women was clinically observed: 34.8% were diagnosed with angular stomatitis; 31 % with cheelosis; 42.8% with bleeding gums; and 44.2% with dry skin. Some 72% of the women were anemic. An assessment ofthe socioeconomic status indicated that very few households (15.4%) maintained livestock for income generation. About 60% of the fisherwomen carried out post-harvest activities to earn income. Food expenditure comprised 60.7% of the earned income contribvting to the major share of the spending. Debt servicing was a serious problem faced by 44.9% of the respondents who had procured loans mostly from non-institutional sources