Ambient connections realising conformal Tractor holonomy

For a conformal manifold we introduce the notion of an ambient connection, an affine connection on an ambient manifold of the conformal manifold, possibly with torsion, and with conditions relating it to the conformal structure. The purpose of this construction is to realise the normal conformal tractor holonomy as affine holonomy of such a connection. We give an example of an ambient connection for which this is the case, and which is torsion free if we start the construction with a C-space, and in addition Ricci-flat if we start with an Einstein manifold. Thus for a $C$-space this example leads to an ambient metric in the weaker sense of \v{C}ap and Gover, and for an Einstein space to a Ricci-flat ambient metric in the sense of Fefferman and Graham.Comment: 17 page

The Effect of Log Rotation On Value Recovery In Chip And Saw Sawmills

Advances in three-dimensional scanning techniques and computer optimization permit real time solution and implementation of optimal log rotation before it is fed into the chipper heads. A random sample of 834 S-P-F logs from the interior of British Columbia were examined using simulation to determine the effects of log rotation strategies on value recovery for a small log Chip and Saw. Both log sweep and cross-sectional eccentricity are shown to cause significant reductions in value recovery. Eight rotation placements from 0° to 315° were studied to determine if a single rotational placement could be found that performs best. On average, the "horns up" position (0° rotation) was found to significantly outperform all others in maximizing value recovery. The ability to rotate each log into the optimal position produced significant benefits. The benefits were more highly related to the degree of cross-sectional eccentricity present in the log rather than the degree of sweep present in the log

Magnetoresistance, Micromagnetism and Domain Wall Effects in Epitaxial Fe and Co Structures with Stripe Domains

We review our recent magnetotransport and micromagnetic studies of lithographically defined epitaxial thin film structures of bcc Fe and hcp Co with stripe domains. Micromagnetic structure and resistivity anisotropy are shown to be the predominant sources of low field magnetoresistance (MR) in these microstructures, with domain wall (DW) effects smaller but observable (DW-MR $\lesssim 1$). In Fe, at low temperature, in a regime in which fields have a significant effect on electron trajectories, a novel negative DW contribution to the resistivity is observed. In hcp Co microstructures, temperature dependent transport measurements for current perpendicular and parallel to walls show that any additional resistivity due to DW scattering is very small.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figures, to appear in Journal of Applied Physics 199

Response to comment on "solid recovered fuel: Materials flow analysis and fuel property development during the mechanical processing of biodried waste"

Laner and Cencic1 comment on Velis et al. (2013)2 clarifying certain points on the use of the material flow analysis (MFA) software STAN3. We welcome the correspondence and the opportunity this exchange provides to discuss optimal approaches to using STAN. In keeping with Velis et al.2 these physically impossible, and otherwise insignificant, negative flows have enabled improvements to STAN. Here, we elaborate on the practicalities of using STAN in our research and on the correctness and validation of our results, notwithstanding the inclusion of negative flows. We explain the contribution of our approach to solid waste management and resource recovery