esukimo bunka dento no kigen ni tsuite : kyokuhoku kogata sekki bunka to tobu kyokuhokuken no shoki esukimo bunka no hikaku kenkyu

制度:新 ; 文部省報告番号:乙786号 ; 学位の種類:文学博士 ; 授与年月日:1990/6/19 ; 早大学位記番号:新1631本文PDFは平成22年度国立国会図書館の学位論文(博士)のデジタル化実施により作成された画像ファイルをPDFに変換したものである

An assessment of financial incentives for encouraging South Africa's domestic solar water heater market

Includes bibliographical references (p. 102-104).SA has a demand for domestic hot water, which is supplied by a number of different technologies. For a number of reasons, including health reasons and versatility, Government has encouraged the demand for electricity to meet domestic requirements. But currently there is a shortage of electricity supply, with negative impacts for the development of SA. Solar water heating (SWH) is a renewable energy technology that could relieve some of the demand for electricity, and the aim of this study is to assess which types of national financial incentive programmes should be implemented in order to encourage the use of SWH systems in households, within the context of SA's energy policy and the current electricity crisis. However, only hybrid SWH technologies were considered, due to a lack of information. A review of literature shows that domestic SWH technology use is uncommon, resulting from households preferring other technologies for reasons of cost and convenience. The modelling of current and hypothetical scenarios of energy consumption for domestic water heating show that the increased use of hybrid SWH technology would benefit SA's sustainable development. A literature review was used to identify the barriers stopping these benefits from being translated into the domestic sector. A literature review of energy policy documents confirmed SA's commitment to sustainable development and introduced a number of developments intended to reduce the barriers to renewable energy technologies. Investment incentives and set-asides were identified as potential financial incentive options for SA. A literature review of the SWH market identified the existing structures and capacity of expertise, and identified options for reducing SWH barriers. A criteria analysis was performed on a set-aside option and investment incentive options, which included a direct subsidy, an income tax deduction, and an interest rate subsidy. The criteria used for this analysis were derived from this study and a report of international experiences, and the analysis provided an assessment of the suitability of each of these financial incentives. The assessment resulted in the recommendation that a direct subsidy programme be implemented, possibly using a system of Tradable Renewable Energy Certificates (TRECs), which could allow for compatibility with developments that could enhance the success of the programme

Growing pains: a qualitative study of personal growth experiences of collegiate student-athletes

The purpose of this study was to gain insight into the perceptions of collegiate student-athletes with regard to: (a) their perceptions about the meaning of personal growth, (b) the characteristics of their personal growth experiences, and (c) the impact of their sport-related personal growth experiences on sport and non-sport aspects of their lives. The participants were eight male, Caucasian college student-athletes who had competed in NCAA Division I athletics for three or more years. Because the perceptions of student-athletes provided the basis for the study, qualitative research methods were employed. This study was conducted using an in-depth, semi-structured interview guide during two sessions with the participants. In the first session, the student-athletes described their perceptions of personal growth and their sport-related growth experiences during their college athletic careers. In the second session, the participants clarified and/or elaborated on their responses from the first session. The student-athletes described personal growth as a process of achieving balance and expanding the capabilities.The participants achieved balance in four areas: (a) priorities; (b)emotions; (c) perspectives; and (d) responsibilities. The student-athletes expanded their capabilities by improving their athletic and interpersonal skills. The types of experiences that the student-athletes described as growth experiences included: (a) success and hardship; (b) interaction with others; and (c) event-related emotions. These sport-related experiences influenced the student-athletes’ lives academically and socially. They Applied the lessons that they learned through their sport-related experiences to enhance their academic performance and their ability to interact and communicate with others. Participants’ descriptions of their perceptions of the meaning of personal growth in sports followed the theories of individual development of college students. The results are discussed with regard to related research on personal growth and college student development. Recommendations for future research are presented

Faith Journeys in the Lives of Baby Boomers

Baby boomers are a cusp generation entering into the twenty-first century during the ending of the enlightenment era. As they enter different life stages and situations, baby boomers undergo changes in their faith. As supported in the biblical witness, faith is a journey with a trajectory that cannot be precisely defined or categorized. These elements support the premise of this work: Christian faith is a journey for the baby boomer generation. Chapter 1 introduces the problem through baby boomer narratives, substantiated by statistical studies and sociological research. I establish that many current churches concentrate on salvation and the priestly role of Jesus Christ to the elimination of the rest of the Gospel and do not support growth in faith and Christ. In chapter 2, I present the biblical foundations of faith as a journey. God guided Abraham, the Hebrew people, and the prophets who gained strength in the wilderness as travelers who trusted in God. These themes continue in the New Testament through the teachings of Jesus and the faith journeys of Paul. The third chapter presents faith journeys found in early Christian and medieval writings, pilgrimage accounts, and Augustine of Hippo. Those writers and pilgrims found God by not looking for him. In chapter 4, I present the techniques found in James Fowler’s Stages of Faith as a tool to analyze the faith movements of baby boomers. I discuss criticisms, strengths, and weaknesses in application. Additionally I analyze baby boomers that leave church using Stages of Faith. Chapter 5 applies the results from earlier chapters to explore the journeys of baby boomers through interviews with the lens of Stages of Faith. The concluding chapter explores possible solutions in light of the inability of many churches to accommodate people on a faith journey or to establish vibrant Christian communities within the congregation

Neonicotinoids impact bumblebee colony fitness in the field; a reanalysis of the UK’s Food & Environment Research Agency 2012 experiment

The causes of bee declines remain hotly debated, particularly the contribution of neonicotinoid insecticides. In 2013 the UK’s Food & Environment Research Agency made public a study of the impacts of exposure of bumblebee colonies to neonicotinoids. The study concluded that there was no clear relationship between colony performance and pesticide exposure, and the study was subsequently cited by the UK government in a policy paper in support of their vote against a proposed moratorium on some uses of neonicotinoids. Here I present a simple re-analysis of this data set. It demonstrates that these data in fact do show a strong negative relationship between both colony growth and queen production and the levels of neonicotinoids in the food stores collected by the bees. Indeed, this is the first study describing substantial negative impacts of neonicotinoids on colony performance of any bee species with free-flying bees in a field realistic situation where pesticide exposure is provided only as part of normal farming practices. It strongly suggests that wild bumblebee colonies in farmland can be expected to be adversely affected by exposure to neonicotinoids

Semilinear nonautonomous parabolic equations with unbounded coefficients in the linear part

We study the Cauchy problem for the semilinear nonautonomous parabolic equation $u_t=\mathcal{A}(t)u+\psi(t,u)$ in $[s,\tau]\times {{\mathbb R}^d}$, $\tau> s$, in the spaces $C_b([s, \tau]\times{{\mathbb R}^d})$ and in $L^p((s, \tau)\times{{\mathbb R}^d}, \nu)$. Here $\nu$ is a Borel measure defined via a tight evolution system of measures for the evolution operator $G(t,s)$ associated to the family of time depending second order uniformly elliptic operators $\mathcal{A}(t)$. Sufficient conditions for existence in the large and stability of the null solution are also given in both $C_b$ and $L^p$ contexts. The novelty with respect to the literature is that the coefficients of the operators $\mathcal{A}(t)$ are allowed to be unbounded

Efficacy, safety, and improved tolerability of travoprost BAK-free ophthalmic solution compared with prior prostaglandin therapy

J Charles Henry1, James H Peace2, Jeanette A Stewart3,4, William C Stewart3,41Little Rock Eye Clinic, Little Rock, AR, USA; 2Diabetic Eye Medical Clinic, Inglewood, CA, USA; 3PRN Pharmaceutical Research Network, LLC, Dallas,TX, USA; 4Carolina Eye Institute, University of South Carolina, School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USAPurpose: To evaluate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of changing to travoprost BAK-free from prior prostaglandin therapy in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.Design: Prospective, multi-center, historical control study.Methods: Patients treated with latanoprost or bimatoprost who needed alternative therapy due to tolerability issues were enrolled. Patients were surveyed using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) to evaluate OSD symptoms prior to changing to travoprost BAK-free dosed once every evening. Patients were re-evaluated 3 months later.Results: In 691 patients, travoprost BAK-free demonstrated improved mean OSDI scores compared to either latanoprost or bimatoprost (p < 0.0001). Patients having any baseline OSD symptoms (n = 235) demonstrated significant improvement after switching to travoprost BAK-free (p < 0.0001). In 70.2% of these patients, symptoms were reduced in severity by at least 1 level. After changing medications to travoprost BAK-free, mean intraocular pressure (IOP) was significantly decreased (p < 0.0001). Overall, 72.4% preferred travoprost BAK-free (p < 0.0001, travoprost BAK-free vs prior therapy). Travoprost BAK-free demonstrated less conjunctival hyperemia than either prior therapy (p < 0.0001).Conclusions: Patients previously treated with a BAK-preserved prostaglandin analog who are changed to travoprost BAK-free have clinically and statistically significant improvement in their OSD symptoms, decreased hyperemia, and equal or better IOP control.Keywords: glaucoma, prostaglandin analog, travoprost, latanoprost, bimatoprost, preservative, benzalkonium chloride, ocular surface diseas