28 research outputs found

    The Complete Nucleotide Sequence of the Coffee (Coffea Arabica L.) Chloroplast Genome: Organization and Implications for Biotechnology and Phylogenetic Relationships Amongst Angiosperms

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    The chloroplast genome sequence of Coffea arabica L., the first sequenced member of the fourth largest family of angiosperms, Rubiaceae, is reported. The genome is 155 189 bp in length, including a pair of inverted repeats of 25 943 bp. Of the 130 genes present, 112 are distinct and 18 are duplicated in the inverted repeat. The coding region comprises 79 protein genes, 29 transfer RNA genes, four ribosomal RNA genes and 18 genes containing introns (three with three exons). Repeat analysis revealed five direct and three inverted repeats of 30 bp or longer with a sequence identity of 90% or more. Comparisons of the coffee chloroplast genome with sequenced genomes of the closely related family Solanaceae indicated that coffee has a portion of rps19 duplicated in the inverted repeat and an intact copy of infA. Furthermore, whole-genome comparisons identified large indels (\u3e 500 bp) in several intergenic spacer regions and introns in the Solanaceae, including trnE (UUC)–trnT (GGU) spacer, ycf4–cemA spacer, trnI (GAU) intron and rrn5–trnR (ACG) spacer. Phylogenetic analyses based on the DNA sequences of 61 protein-coding genes for 35 taxa, performed using both maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood methods, strongly supported the monophyly of several major clades of angiosperms, including monocots, eudicots, rosids, asterids, eurosids II, and euasterids I and II. Coffea (Rubiaceae, Gentianales) is only the second order sampled from the euasterid I clade. The availability of the complete chloroplast genome of coffee provides regulatory and intergenic spacer sequences for utilization in chloroplast genetic engineering to improve this important crop

    Estimations de l'ùge de la puberté et du passage à l'ùge adulte chez les jeunes Mérina et Tanala de Madagascar

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    Summary. — A study on the morphological characters has been conducted within young individuals Merina and Tanala of both sexes in Madagascar. Through this study, we could specify and confirm some qualitative secondary sexual characteristics on the basis of accurate quantitative characteristics such as stature, weight, biacromial and bicretal widths. These qualitative secondary sexual features include down above lips and voice breaking for boys and growth within the mammary region (breast and nipples) for girls, features which are considered as rather inaccurate. However these could be important indicators of the puberty age. Among girls, the appearance of the menarche and the monthly menstrual cycles chronologically precise these secondary sexual characters. This study leads us to define the modalities of these different characters through adulthood.RĂ©sumĂ©. — Une Ă©tude des caractĂšres morphologiques permettant de dĂ©finir les diffĂ©rentes phases de la croissance a Ă©tĂ© menĂ©e chez les jeunes Merina et Tanala de Madagascar des deux sexes. Elle a permis de prĂ©ciser et de confirmer grĂące aux caractĂšres quantitatifs tels que la stature, le poids, la largeur biacromiale et la largeur bicrĂȘtale, quelques caractĂšres sexuels secondaires qualitatifs tels que la prĂ©sence du duvet au-dessus des lĂšvres et la mue de la voix chez les garçons, le dĂ©veloppement de la rĂ©gion mammaire (mamelons et seins) chez les filles, caractĂšres souvent considĂ©rĂ©s comme peu prĂ©cis mais qui peuvent pourtant servir d'indicateurs majeurs de l'Ăąge de la pubertĂ©. Ces derniers sont d'ailleurs accompagnĂ©s chez les filles par la mĂ©narche et l'installation des cycles menstruels. Les modalitĂ©s du passage au stade adulte pour ces diffĂ©rents caractĂšres ont Ă©tĂ© prĂ©cisĂ©es.Rakotosamimanana B. R., Randrianarison G., Rakotoniaina G. V., Ratsimbazafy J. H., Spiral G. J. Estimations de l'Ăąge de la pubertĂ© et du passage Ă  l'Ăąge adulte chez les jeunes MĂ©rina et Tanala de Madagascar. In: Bulletins et MĂ©moires de la SociĂ©tĂ© d'anthropologie de Paris, Nouvelle SĂ©rie. Tome 5 fascicule 1-2, 1993. pp. 175-193

    Transgenic coffee (Coffea Species)

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    Les essais de transformation gĂ©nĂ©tique ont Ă©tĂ© conduits sur des embryons somatiques de Coffea canephora Pierre, Coffea arabica L. et de l'hybride interspĂ©cifique Arabusta, en utilisant Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4 ou Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404. Deux plasmides ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©s, portant l'un les gĂšnes uidA (GUS) et NPTII ou l'autre, le gĂšne csr 1-1 confĂ©rant la rĂ©sistance Ă  un herbicide (chlorsufuron) et le gĂšne cryIA(c) codant l'endotoxine de Bacillus thuringiensis confĂ©rant la rĂ©sistance Ă  la mineuse des feuilles. Selon l'espĂšce Agrobacterium, on obtient des cals transformĂ©s, des racines ou directement des embryons somatiques qui peuvent ĂȘtre regĂ©nĂ©rĂ©s sur milieu sĂ©lectif ou non. Les embryons somatiques secondaires sont regĂ©nĂ©rĂ©s et se dĂ©veloppent en plantules. L'intĂ©gration des gĂšnes NPTII, uidA ou cryIA(c) est dĂ©montrĂ©e par PCR et le test d'activitĂ© de la bĂȘta-glucuronidase a montrĂ© l'expression du gĂšne GUS. Plusieurs de ces plantules transformĂ©es sont transfĂ©rĂ©es en serre er apĂšrs floraison, il sera possible de suivre la transmission de l'ADN Ă©tranger dans la descendance. Les analyses "southern blot" ont confirmĂ© l'intĂ©gration des gĂšnes spĂ©cifiques uidA et Bt dans le gĂ©nome des plantules. Les spĂ©cificitĂ©s diffĂ©rentes ainsi que les limites des deux souches Agrobacterium rhizogenes et A. tumefaciens sont discutĂ©es. Des travaux sont en cours pour transformer Coffea arabic

    # 2003. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A. DUST TEMPERATURES IN THE INFRARED SPACE OBSERVATORY ATLAS OF

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    We examine far-infrared and submillimeter spectral energy distributions for galaxies in the Infrared Space Observatory Atlas of Bright Spiral Galaxies. For the 71 galaxies where we had complete 60–180 lm data, we fitted blackbodies with 1 emissivities and average temperatures of 31 K or 2 emissivities and average temperatures of 22 K. Except for high temperatures determined in some early-type galaxies, the temperatures show no dependence on any galaxy characteristic. For the 60–850 lm range in eight galaxies, we fitted blackbodies with 1, 2, and (with variable) emissivities to the data. The best results were with the emissivities, where the temperatures were 30 K and the emissivity coefficient ranged from 0.9 to 1.9. These results produced gas-to-dust ratios that ranged from 150 to 580, which were consistent with the ratio for the Milky Way and which exhibited relatively little dispersion compared with fits with fixed emissivities
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