Fontes e doses de nitrogênio para mamoneira de porte baixo no sistema plantio direto Nitrogen fertilizers and rates in castor bean hybrids under no-till system

O cultivo de mamona em grandes áreas se tornou possível com a introdução recente de híbridos de porte baixo que possibilitam a mecanização total das práticas agrícolas, inclusive na colheita. No entanto, as informações sobre práticas agrícolas a serem empregadas, quando da utilização desses híbridos, ainda são escassas, principalmente, no que se refere ao manejo da adubação nitrogenada. O trabalho teve como objetivo estabelecer as doses de nitrogênio mais adequadas para híbridos de mamona de porte baixo no sistema plantio direto. O experimento foi conduzido por dois anos agrícolas (2005/2006 e 2006/2007) na Fazenda Experimental Lageado, UNESP, Botucatu (SP). Os tratamentos foram constituídos por duas fontes de nitrogênio (sulfato de amônio e uréia) e por quatro doses (0, 30, 60 e 120kg ha-1 de N) aplicadas em cobertura aos 20 dias após a emergência, sendo utilizado o híbrido Savana. A adubação nitrogenada de cobertura promoveu aumento de produtividade ao híbrido de mamona no sistema plantio direto. A produtividade de grãos não diferiu entre as fontes de N utilizadas. A dose média de N calculada que proporcionou a maior produtividade de grãos foi de 88kg ha-1 na safra 2005/2006 e 100kg ha-1 na safra 2006/2007.<br>The castor bean crop in large areas has become possible with the recent introduction of short stature hybrids that allow the complete mecanization of agricultural practices, including the harvest. However, when hibrids are used, the information about agricultural practices to be employed, are still very poor, especially, with regard to management nitrogen fertilization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen sources and doses in castor bean hybrids under no-till system in summer crop. The experiment was conducted for two crop years (2005/2006 and 2006/2007). The experiment design was a randomized blocks in 2x4 factorial design with four replications. The treatments comprised the combination of two nitrogen sources (ammonium sulfate and urea), with four doses of nitrogen (0, 30, 60 and 120kg ha-1 of N) surface applied 20 days after emergence, plus a control. The hybrid Savana was utilized. The nitrogen fertilization increased productivity of the castor bean under no-till system. The grain yield wasn't influenced by the nitrogen source utilized. The average rate calculated that allowed the maximum grain yield was 88kg ha-1 in the 2005/2006 crops and 100kg ha-1 in the 2006/2007 crops

Targeting the Annexin A1-FPR2/ALX pathway for host-directed therapy in dengue disease

Host immune responses contribute to dengue’s pathogenesis and severity, yet the possibility that failure in endogenous inflammation resolution pathways could characterise the disease has not been contemplated. The pro-resolving protein Annexin A1 (AnxA1) is known to counterbalance overexuberant inflammation and mast cell (MC) activation. We hypothesised that inadequate AnxA1 engagement underlies the cytokine storm and vascular pathologies associated with dengue disease. Levels of AnxA1 were examined in the plasma of dengue patients and infected mice. Immunocompetent, interferon (alpha and beta) receptor one knockout (KO), AnxA1 KO, and formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) KO mice were infected with dengue virus (DENV) and treated with the AnxA1 mimetic peptide Ac2-26 for analysis. In addition, the effect of Ac2-26 on DENV-induced MC degranulation was assessed in vitro and in vivo. We observed that circulating levels of AnxA1 were reduced in dengue patients and DENV-infected mice. Whilst the absence of AnxA1 or its receptor FPR2 aggravated illness in infected mice, treatment with AnxA1 agonistic peptide attenuated disease manifestationsatteanuated the symptoms of the disease. Both clinical outcomes were attributed to modulation of DENV-mediated viral load-independent MC degranulation. We have thereby identified that altered levels of the pro-resolving mediator AnxA1 are of pathological relevance in DENV infection, suggesting FPR2/ALX agonists as a therapeutic target for dengue disease