Identification of mineral components in tropical soils using reflectance spectroscopy and advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (ASTER) data.

Soil characteristics provide important support for understanding transformations that occur in environmental systems. Physical characteristics and chemical compositions of soils controlled by pedogenetic processes, climatic changes and land use imply different types of environmental transformations. Reflectance spectroscopy is an alternative soil mapping technique that uses spectral absorption features between visible (VIS) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) wavelengths (0.3?2.5 μm) for determining soil mineralogy. Soil analysis by means of reflectance spectroscopy and orbital optical sensors have provided favorable results in mapping transformation processes in environmental systems, particularly in arid and semiarid climates in extra-tropical terrains. In the case of inter-tropical environments, these methods cannot be readily applied due to local factors such as lack of exposed regolith, high amounts of soil moisture and the presence of dense vegetation. This study uses Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) and reflectance spectroscopy data to map mineral components of soils covering a part of the state of São Paulo, Brazil, which could be linked to key aspects of environmental transformations in this tropical area (e.g., climate change, shifts in agriculture fronts, ph, and soil characteristics). We collected forty-two (42) soil samples at a depth of 0?20 cm, considering that this superficial layer corresponds to the highest correlation with soil properties detected by the ASTER sensor. These samples were measured using a FieldSpec FR spectrometer, and the derived spectra were interpreted for mineral composition. Interpretation was supported by X-ray diffraction analysis on the same samples. The spectral signatures were re-sampled to ASTER VNIR (AST1-4: 0.52?0.86 μm) and SWIR (AST5-9: 1.60?2.43 μm) spectral bandwidths and validated by comparing reflectance spectra of field samples with those extracted from atmospherically corrected and calibrated ASTER pixels. The agreement between spectral signatures measured from soil samples and those derived from ASTER imagery pixels proved plausible, with R2 correlation values ranging from 0.6493 to 0.7886. This signifies that diagnostic spectral features of key minerals in tropical soils can be mapped at the spectral resolution of 9-band ASTER VNIR through SWIR reflectance. We used these spectral signatures as end-members in hyperspectral routine classifications adapted for use with ASTER data. Results proved possible the identification and remote mapping of minerals such as kaolinite, montmorillonite and gibbsite, as well as the distinction between iron-rich and iron-poor soils

First report of Lonchaeidae (Diptera) infesting fruits of Byrsonima crassifolia in Brazil.

Murici, Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth (Malpighiaceae), is native to the Amazon region and several other regions of tropical America. The fruits are small globose drupes with fleshy yellow mesocarp (pulp) and characteristic flavor and aroma. They are consumed fresh as juice, jam, liquor and sweets (León 1968; Donadio et al. 2002; Lorenzi et al. 2006). In addition, fruits of this species have been widely used in the traditional medicine by its antimicrobial and antidepressant properties (Martínez-Vázquez et al. 1999; Herrera-Ruiz et al. 2011). The only record of fruit flies (Diptera) associated to fruits of B. crassifolia in Brazil was published by Pereira et al. (2008) from material collected in the state of Amapá during 2005 and 2006. In their work, a total number of 7,915 fruits (16.02 kg) was collected in 24 sampling points distributed in the municipalities of Macapá, Mazagão and Porto Grande. Three samples were infested by fruit flies of the family Tephritidae (one in Macapá, 0.01 puparia/fruit; two in Mazagão, 0.10 and 0.15 puparia/fruit). Anastrepha striata Schiner, 1868 (10 specimens), A. obliqua (Macquart, 1835) (8 specimens) and A. fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1830) (3 specimens) were recovered in those collections. In other samples of B. crassifolia collected in the Brazilian Amazon (states of Amapá and Rondônia), no fruit flies specimens were obtained (Deus et al. 2009; Pereira et al. 2010; Silva et al. 2011a). In Mexico, the presence of A. serpentina (Wiedemann, 1830) in B. crassifolia was recorded in the state of Chiapas (Aluja et al. 1987). However, the presence of Lonchaeidae (Diptera) species in B. crassifolia was not recorded in either study

Secagem de goiabas pré-desidratadas osmoticamente a vácuo.

Descreve o processamento para obtenção de goiaba desidratada osmoticamente sob vácuo, seguida de secagem em estufa de circulação de ar, visando a agragação de valor comercia à fruta.bitstream/CNPAT-2010/9611/1/Ct-106.pd

The social side of software platform ecosystems

Software ecosystems as a paradigm for large-scale software development encompass a complex mix of technical, business, and social aspects. While significant research has been conducted to understand both the technical and business aspects, the social aspects of software ecosystems are less well understood. To close this gap, this paper presents the results of an empirical study aimed at understanding the influence of social aspects on developers' participation in software ecosystems. We conducted 25 interviews with mobile software developers and an online survey with 83 respondents from the mobile software development community. Our results point out a complex social system based on continued interaction and mutual support between different actors, including developers, friends, end users, developers from large companies, and online communities. These findings highlight the importance of social aspects in the sustainability of software ecosystems both during the initial adoption phase as well as for long-term permanence of developers.Cleidson R. B. de Souza, Fernando Figueira Filho, Müller Miranda, Renato Pina Ferreira, Christoph Treude, Leif Singe

Concentração e dinâmica de 15 produtos agroenergéticos no período de 1990 a 2006.

bitstream/item/35539/1/doc4-garagorry-2.pd

Anastrepha fruit flies (Diptera, Tephritidae) from two municipalites of the state of Roraima, Brazil, with three new records.

We collected fruit flies in McPhail traps in two municipalities of the state of Roraima, Brazil. In Amajari we collected five Anastrepha species (including a probable new species) and in Boa Vista we coUected 10 species. This is the first report of Anastrepha fractura Stone, Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) and Anastrepha longicauda Lima in the state of Roraima

Espécies de Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae) capturadas em armadilhas mcphail no estado do Amapá.

Resumos 1504-1

Anastrepha fruit flies (Diptera, Tephritidae) from two municipalites of the state of Roraima, Brazil, with three new records.

We collected fruit flies in McPhail traps in two municipalities of the state of Roraima, Brazil. In Amajari we collected five Anastrepha species (including a probable new species) and in Boa Vista we coUected 10 species. This is the first report of Anastrepha fractura Stone, Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) and Anastrepha longicauda Lima in the state of Roraima

Efeitos ambientais que influenciam a velocidade de crescimento em bovinos nelore na região Nordeste.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência dos efeitos ambientais, sobre as características dias para ganhar 160 kg na fase pré-desmama, dias para ganhar 240 kg na fase pós-desmama e ganhos diários do nascimento ao desmame (GND) e do desmame ao sobreano (GDS). Utilizaram-se dados de 6.781 animais da raça Nelore, nascidos no período de 1978 a 1999, criados a pasto na região Nordeste do Brasil. O modelo estatístico continha os efeitos fixos de sexo, mês e ano de nascimento, a cováriavel idade da vaca ao parto (linear e quadrática), e o efeito aleatório de touro aninhado dentro de fazenda, além do erro. As médias estimadas para D160, D240, GND e GDS foram 242,7 ± 56,2 dias, 652,1 ± 358,7 dias, 0,71 ± 0,13 kg e 0,46 ± 0,15 kg, respectivamente. Os efeitos ambientais influenciaram significativamente todas as características estudadas, exceto a idade da vaca que não influenciou o D240 e o GDS. Environmental effects influencing the growth velocity in nelore cattle in the Northeast Region. Abastract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the environmental effects on days to reach 160 kg in the preweaning period, 240 kg in the postweaning period and the daily gain from the birth to weaning and from weaning to yearling weight (GDS). Was utilized record from 6.781 animals of the Nelore cattle breed, born from 1978 to 1999, raised at pasture in the Northeast region of Brazil. The statiscal model contained the fixed effects of sex, year and month of birth, the age of dam as covariable (linear and quadratic), the random effect of sire inside farm, and the error. The estimated means for D160, D240, GND and GDS were 242.7 ± 56.2 days, 652.1 ± 358.7 days, 0.71 ± 0.13 kg e 0.46 ± 0.15 kg. The environmental effects influenced significantly the traits, except the age of dam to D240 and GDS