Use of analysis and processing of digital images for evaluation and control of animal behavior in hot climates

The world production of meats is mainly concentrated in the countries with a hot climate. Among these countries, Brazil, considered "world's breadbasket", is located in the intertropical zone, with hot climates and presents lower thermal amplitude. Brazilian poultry is a leader in the production and export of broilers. Brazil has the second largest cattle herd in the world, has the largest commercial herd besides being the largest exporter of beef. Brazilian swine breeding, among the most advanced production chains in the world, occupy the position of fourth largest producer of pork in the world. Projections for Brazil's meat production sector indicate strong growth in the coming years, with countries in hot climates that will continue to sustain future growth in world meat production, ensuring food security in many countries. One of the factors responsible for the success or failure of animal production is the environment, defined by the sum of all physical and biological factors that affect animals. In these regions of hot climates, climatic factors are among the main limiting factors to the development of animal production, which may compromise animal welfare and productivity indices. Behavioral information can aid in the analysis of problems arising from environmental conditions unfavorable to animals, helping both decision making and the use of different environmental conditioning systems. The introduction of technification in the animal behavior evaluation processes, through the use of video cameras and image processing programs, allowed a better interpretation of the behavioral responses, quickly, accurately and non-invasively, gradually being used with greater frequency in the animal production sectors. The study of animal behavior assumes an important role in animal production, since, to rationalize the breeding methods, management, feeding and facilities techniques have been developed that interfere with animal behavior. In this context, the use of digital image analysis techniques, where the animals themselves are used as biosensors in response to environmental conditions, contributes to the analysis of animal behavior, and consequently also to the assessment of the internal environment of the production in hot weather. Keywords: animal production, animal welfare, information technolog

Dependence of Variational Perturbation Expansions on Strong-Coupling Behavior. Inapplicability of delta-Expansion to Field Theory

We show that in applications of variational theory to quantum field theory it is essential to account for the correct Wegner exponent omega governing the approach to the strong-coupling, or scaling limit. Otherwise the procedure either does not converge at all or to the wrong limit. This invalidates all papers applying the so-called delta-expansion to quantum field theory.Comment: Author Information under http://www.physik.fu-berlin.de/~kleinert/institution.html . Latest update of paper (including all PS fonts) at http://www.physik.fu-berlin.de/~kleinert/34

Molecular diversity and the fate of biochemical fractions of eucalypt tissues in soil

The molecular diversity of the source substrate has been regarded as a significant controller of the proportion of plant material that is either mineralized or incorporated into soil organic matter (SOM). However, quantitative parameters to express substrate molecular diversity remain elusive. In this research, we fractionated leaves, twigs, bark, and root tissues of 13C-enriched eucalypt seedlings into hot water extractables (HWE), total solvent (acetone) extractables (TSE), a cellulosic fraction (CF), and the acid unhydrolyzable residue (AUR). We used 13C NMR spectroscopy to obtain a molecular diversity index (MDI) based on the relative abundance of carbohydrate, protein, lignin, lipid, and carbonyl functional groups within the biochemical fractions. Subsequently, we obtained artificial plant organs containing fixed proportions (25%) of their respective biochemical fractions to be incubated with soil material obtained from a Haplic Ferralsol for 200-days, under controlled temperature (25 ± 1 ◦C) and moisture adjusted to 70–80% of the soil water holding capacity. Our experimental design was a randomized complete block design, arranged according to a factorial scheme including 4 plant organs, 4 biochemical fractions, and 3 blocks as replicates. During the incubation, we assessed the evolution of CO2 from the microcosms after 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 10, 13, 21, 28, 38, 45, 70, 80, 92, 112, 148, 178 and 200 days from the start of the incubation. After the incubation, soil subsamples were submitted to a density fractionation to separate the light fraction of SOM (LFOM) i.e., with density <1.8 g cm 3. The heavy fraction remaining was submitted to wetsieving yielding the sand-sized SOM (SSOM) and the mineral-associated SOM (MAOM), with particle-size greater and smaller than 53 μm, respectively. We found that HWE and AUR exhibited comparatively higher MDIs than the TSE and CF. During the incubation, HWE and CF were the primary sources of 13C-CO2 from all plant organs and after 92 days, the respiration of the TSE of bark and roots increased. Otherwise, the AUR contributed the least for the release of 13C-CO2. There were no significant relationships between the MDI and the amount of 13C transferred into the LFOM or SSOM. Otherwise, the transfer of 13C into the MAOM increased as a linear-quadratic function of MDI, which in turn was negatively correlated with the total 13C-CO2 loss. Overall, the MDI exerted a stronger control on the 13C-labeled MAOM than on 13C-CO2 emissions, highlighting the need to improve our ability to distinguish and quantify direct plant inputs from those of microbial origin entering soil C pools.publishedVersio

Evaluation Of Endodontic Treatments Performed By Students In A Brazilian Dental School.

The aims of this study were to evaluate the clinical outcomes of root canal treatments performed by final-year students in the Dental School of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas, SP, Brazil, during the year 2000 and to evaluate the success rate of these treatments at follow-ups conducted one and three years later (2001-03). All 579 endodontic treatments performed by final-year students were selected for this investigation. Detailed personal and dental history was obtained from the patient's records. Clinical and radiographic follow-up examinations were performed. For 78.8 percent of the cases, dental caries was recorded as the cause for performing endodontic treatment; for 8.8 percent, prosthetic reasons were given; and for 12.4 percent, failure of the endodontic treatment was the reason. The largest percentage (30.7 percent) of recalled patients was examined after one year; the success rate at this follow-up evaluation ranged from 83 percent to 96 percent depending on the pulp status prior to the root canal treatment. After three years, only 8 percent of treated patients returned; assessment for them revealed a 75.5 percent success rate. Dental caries is still the main reason for endodontic treatment. This level of success of the root canal treatment in a Brazilian dental school is similar to other reports in the literature.69101161117

The Multidisciplinary Management Of Avulsed Teeth: A Case Report

This paper reports multidisciplinary treatment of a dental trauma case to achieve a favorable prognosis. A healthy 14-year-old girl reported avulsion of teeth 11 and 21 which had occurred three months earlier. The initial treatment consisting of replantation with a semi-rigid splint was performed in hospital. At presentation, the patient was still using the semi-rigid splint. The clinical examination revealed the presence of increased mobility in teeth 11 and 21, and absence of vitality in both. Radiographic examination showed the presence of inflammatory external root resorption in both teeth. The treatment proposed consisted of teeth extraction, a temporary prosthesis followed by adhesive prosthesis, and finally, implant surgery associated with porcelain crowns.74203206Koca, H., Topaloglu-Ak, A., Sutekin, E., Koca, O., Acar, S., Delayed replantation of an avulsed tooth after 5 hours of storage in saliva: A case report (2010) Dent Traumatol, 26 (4), pp. 370-373Lux, H.C., Goetz, F., Hellwig, E., Case report: Endodontic and surgical treatment of an upper central incisor with external root resorption and radicular cyst following a traumatic tooth avulsion (2010) Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 110 (5), pp. e61-7Flores, M.T., Andersson, L., Andreasen, J.O., Bakland, L.K., Malmgren, B., Barnett, F., Guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries. II. Avulsion of permanent teeth (2007) Dent Traumatol, 23 (3), pp. 130-136Roskamp, L., Westphalen, V.P., Carneiro, E., Fariniuk, L.F., Silva, N.U.X., The positive influence of atopy on the prognosis of avulsed and replanted teeth despite differences in post- trauma management (2011) J Endod, 37 (4), pp. 463-465Andreasen, J.O., Andreasen, F., (2007) Textbook and Color Atlas of Traumatic Injuries to The Teeth, p. 912. , 4th Edition, Copenhagen: Denmark: MunksgaardMajorana, A., Bardellini, E., Conti, G., Keller, E., Pasini, S., Root resorption in dental trauma: 45 cases followed for 5 years (2003) Dent Traumatol, 19 (5), pp. 262-265Andreasen, J.O., Borum, M.K., Jacobsen, H.L., Andreasen, F.M., Replantation of 400 avulsed permanent incisors. 1. Diagnosis of healing complications (1995) Endod Dent Traumatol, 11 (2), pp. 51-58Soares, A.J., Gomes, B.P., Zaia, A.A., Ferraz, C.C., de Souza-Filho, F.J., Relationship between clinical-radiographic evaluation and outcome of teeth replantation (2008) Dent Traumatol, 24 (2), pp. 183-188Heithersay, G.S., Management of tooth resorption (2007) Aust Dent J, 52 (1 SUPPL.), pp. S105-S121Gold, S.I., Hasselgren, G., Peripheral inflammatory root resorption. A review of the literature with case reports (1992) J Clin Periodontol, 19 (8), pp. 523-534Emerich, K., Czerwinska, M., Ordyniec-Kwasnica, I., Immediate self-replantation of an avulsed permanent mandibular incisor - a case report (2010) Dent Traumatol, 26 (5), pp. 443-446Guzeler, I., Uysal, S., Cehreli, Z.C., Management of trauma-induced inflammatory root resorption using mineral trioxide aggregate obturation: Two-year follow up (2010) Dent Traumatol, 26 (6), pp. 501-504Drummond, S., Pessica, L.S., Monnerat, A.B., Monnerat, A.F., de Oliveira, A.M.A., Multidisciplinary solution for an avulsed upper central incisor: Case report (2011) Dent Traumatol, 27 (3), pp. 241-246Estevez, R., Aranguren, J., Escorial, A., de Gregorio, C., De La Torre, F., Vera, J., Invasive cervical resorption Class III in a maxillary central incisor: Diagnosis and follow-up by means of cone-beam computed tomography (2010) J Endod, 36 (12), pp. 2012-2014Vitale, M.C., Caprioglio, C., Martignone, A., Marchesi, U., Botticelli, A.R., Combined technique with polyethylene fibers and composite resins in restoration of traumatized anterior teeth (2004) Dent Traumatol, 20 (3), pp. 172-177Iseri, H., Solow, B., Growth displacement of the maxilla in girls studied by the implant method (1990) Eur J Orthod, 12 (4), pp. 389-398Odman, J., Grondahl, K., Lekholm, U., Thilander, B., The effect of osseointegrated implants on the dento-alveolar development. A clinical and radiographic study in growing pigs (1991) Eur J Orthod, 13 (4), pp. 279-286Graber, T.M., Vanarsdall, R., (2000) Orthodontics: Current Principles and Techniques, p. 1040. , 3th Edition. St Louis, Missouri: MosbyPolat, Z.S., Tacir, I.H., Restoring of traumatized anterior teeth: A case report (2008) Dent Traumatol, 24 (3), pp. e390-

Nutritional Evaluation Of Children With Chronic Cholestatic Disease

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)To evaluate the nutritional status of children with persistent cholestasis and to compare the anthropometric indices between children with and without liver cirrhosis and children with and without jaundice. Methods Children with persistent cholestasis, i.e. increased direct bilirrubin or changes in the canalicular enzyme gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), were included. The anthropometric measures were weight (W), height or length (H), arm circumference (AC), triceps skinfold thickness (TST), arm muscle circumference (AMC), and body mass index (BMI). Results Ninety-one children with cholestasis, with current median age of 12 months, were evaluated. W/age (A) and H/A indices below -2 Z-scores were observed in 33% and 30.8% of patients, respectively. Concerning the W/H index and BMI, only 12% and 16% of patients, respectively, were below -2 Z-scores. Regarding AC, 43.8% of 89 evaluated patients had some depletion. Observing the TST, 64% of patients had depletion, and 71.1% of the 45 evaluated patients had some degree of depletion regarding the ACM index. Conclusion Evaluation using weight in patients with chronic liver diseases may overestimate the nutritional status due to visceromegaly, subclinical edema, or ascites. Indices that correlate weight and height, such as W/H and BMI, may also not show depletion because of the chronic condition in which there are depletion of both weight and height. TST, AC, and ACM are parameters that better estimate nutritional status and should be part of the management of patients with liver diseases and cholestasis. © 2015 Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria.922197205CNPq, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq