Gauge invariant hydrogen atom Hamiltonian

For quantum mechanics of a charged particle in a classical external electromagnetic field, there is an apparent puzzle that the matrix element of the canonical momentum and Hamiltonian operators is gauge dependent. A resolution to this puzzle is recently provided by us in [2]. Based on the separation of the electromagnetic potential into pure gauge and gauge invariant parts, we have proposed a new set of momentum and Hamiltonian operators which satisfy both the requirement of gauge invariance and the relevant commutation relations. In this paper we report a check for the case of the hydrogen atom problem: Starting from the Hamiltonian of the coupled electron, proton and electromagnetic field, under the infinite proton mass approximation, we derive the gauge invariant hydrogen atom Hamiltonian and verify explicitly that this Hamiltonian is different from the Dirac Hamiltonian, which is the time translation generator of the system. The gauge invariant Hamiltonian is the energy operator, whose eigenvalue is the energy of the hydrogen atom. It is generally time-dependent. In this case, one can solve the energy eigenvalue equation at any specific instant of time. It is shown that the energy eigenvalues are gauge independent, and by suitably choosing the phase factor of the time-dependent eigenfunction, one can ensure that the time-dependent eigenfunction satisfies the Dirac equation.Comment: 7 pages, revtex4, some further discussion on Dirac Hamiltonian and the gauge invariant Hamiltonian is added, one reference removed; new address of some of the authors added, final version to appear in Phys. Rev.

CIAN: Cross-Image Affinity Net for Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation

Weakly supervised semantic segmentation with only image-level labels saves large human effort to annotate pixel-level labels. Cutting-edge approaches rely on various innovative constraints and heuristic rules to generate the masks for every single image. Although great progress has been achieved by these methods, they treat each image independently and do not take account of the relationships across different images. In this paper, however, we argue that the cross-image relationship is vital for weakly supervised segmentation. Because it connects related regions across images, where supplementary representations can be propagated to obtain more consistent and integral regions. To leverage this information, we propose an end-to-end cross-image affinity module, which exploits pixel-level cross-image relationships with only image-level labels. By means of this, our approach achieves 64.3% and 65.3% mIoU on Pascal VOC 2012 validation and test set respectively, which is a new state-of-the-art result by only using image-level labels for weakly supervised semantic segmentation, demonstrating the superiority of our approach.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, AAAI 202

Plantes médicinales chinoises introduites dans la Pharmacopée française

Les plantes médicinales chinoises voient un gain d intérêt grandissant depuis les années 1970 dans un contexte d'engouement pour les médecines alternatives. Après une introduction sur les concepts de base de la Médecine traditionnelle chinoise (MTC) à travers son histoire, ce mémoire présente sous forme de fiches, 16 plantes d'origine chinoise parmi les 78 ayant une indication en MTC de la liste A de la Pharmacopée Française XIe édition (2012). Ces fiches détaillées et illustrées comprennent les items suivants : Description botanique, Emplois en médecine chinoise, Constituants et actions physiologiques, Formules chimiques, Indications, Contre-Indications, Effets indésirables, Interactions médicamenteuses, Posologie et mode d administration, Spécialités actuelles. Dans ce mémoire, nous avons réalisé une liste de plantes médicinales chinoises communément utilisées (soit 471 remèdes). Cette liste a la particularité d avoir la correspondance des noms scientifiques des plantes avec le nom pharmaceutique en latin et le nom de remède en écriture chinoise (accompagné du PinYin). Certaines questions générales relatives à la réglementation, la toxicologie, aux interactions entre plantes et médicaments classiques, la pertinence des études menées sur les plantes de MTC et les nouvelles approches d'études de la MTC (tels que les approches pharmacologiques couplées à la bioinformatique) sont discutées.Chinese medicinal plants have been enjoying a growing interest since the 1970 s when alternative medicines suddenly gained popularity. After introducing the basic concepts of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) by retracing its history, this dissertation presents, in the form of fact sheets, 16 Chinese plants selected from the 78 listed in the TCM of the 11th edition (2012) of French Pharmacopoeia A list. These detailed illustrated fact sheets include the following items: botanical description, use in Chinese medicine, components and physiological actions, chemical formulae, indications, contraindications, undesirable effects, drug interactions, dosage and method of administration and current specialities. In this dissertation we have established a list of common Chinese medicinal plants (i.e. 471 remedies). The particularity of this list is to present the scientific names of the plants with their equivalent pharmaceutical name in Latin and the name of the remedy in Chinese characters (along with PinYin). Certain general questions relative to regulations, toxicology, interactions between plants and classical medicines, the pertinence of studies carried out on TCM plants and TCM s new approaches to studies (such as pharmaceutical approaches coupled with bioinformatics) are discussed.GRENOBLE1-BU Médecine pharm. (385162101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Poly[[μ2-aqua-aqua­(μ3-3,5-dinitro­salicylato)barium(II)] monohydrate]

In the title coordination polymer, {[Ba(C7H2N2O7)(H2O)2]·H2O}n, the BaII atom is ten-coordinated by seven O atoms from four 3,5-dinitro­salicylatate ligands, two μ2-bridging aqua ligands and one water mol­ecule. The coordination mode is best described as a bicapped square-anti­prismatic geometry. The 3,5-dinitrosalicylatate ligands bridge three Ba atoms. Centrosymmetrically related dinuclear barium units, with a Ba⋯Ba separation of 4.767 (5) Å, form infinite chains, which are further self-assembled into a supra­molecular network through inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter­actions between O atoms of 3,5-dinitro­salicylatate ligands and water mol­ecules

Optimiranje podloge za uzgoj i sastava aminokiselina u miceliju gljive Pleurotus cornucopiae SD-01 obogaćenog kromom

Chromium(III) is an essential trace element for humans and animals. Pleutorus cornucopiae SD-01 is a nutritional and functional mushroom containing many kinds of bioactive ingredients. The aims of this work are to optimize the conditions of P. cornucopiae SD-01 cultivation with Cr enrichment in submerged culture by determining the dry cell mass, Cr content in mycelia and the rate of Cr enrichment, and to analyze the amino acid composition of Cr-enriched mycelia. The optimal medium contained (in g/L): potato 200, sucrose 25, yeast extract 4, KH2PO4 1 and MgSO4·7H2O 1. The optimum parameters of liquid culture were temperature 25 °C, cultivation time 6 days, the volume of the medium 100 mL, rotation speed 160 rpm and initial pH=6.5. Under the optimized conditions, the values of the dry cell mass, Cr content in mycelia and the rate of Cr enrichment were (6.63±0.35) g/L, (3670±211) μg/g and (12.15±1.01) % respectively, which were by (23.23±1.22), (18.19±1.06) and (45.68±2.67) % respectively, higher than those in the control. Chromium(III) in Cr-enriched mycelia was mainly combined with protein and polysaccharide. The contents of total amino acids and essential amino acids in Cr-enriched mycelia were increased by (31.25±0.58) and (44.26±0.76) %, respectively.Trovalentni je krom esencijalni element u tragovima, potreban za rast ljudi i životinja. Pleurotus cornucopiae SD-01 hranjiva je gljiva funkcionalnih svojstava, koja sadrži mnoge bioaktivne komponente. Svrha je ovoga rada bila optimirati uvjete uzgoja P. cornucopiae SD-01 u podlozi obogaćenoj kromom, i to određivanjem suhe stanične mase, udjela kroma u miceliju i stupnja obogaćivanja micelija, te analizirati aminokiselinski sastav micelija obogaćenog kromom. Optimalni sastav podloge bio je (u g/L): krumpir 200, saharoza 25, kvaščev ekstrakt 4, KH2PO4 1 i MgSO4·7H2O 1. Utvrđeni su optimalni parametri rasta: temperatura 25 °C, vrijeme uzgoja 6 dana, volumen podloge 100 mL, brzina rotacije 160 rpm i početni pH=6,5. U tim su uvjetima dobivene sljedeće vrijednosti: suha stanična masa od (6,63±0,35) g/L, veća za (23,23±1,22) %; udio kroma u miceliju od (3670±211) mg/g, veći za (18,19±1,06) % i stupanj obogaćivanja micelija kromom od (12,15±1,01) %, što je za (45,68±2,67) % više nego u kontrolnom uzorku. Utvrđeno je da se trovalentni krom u miceliju uglavnom veže za proteine i ugljikohidrate. Ukupni se udio aminokiselina u takvom obogaćenom miceliju povećao za (31,25±0,58) %, a udio esencijalnih aminokiselina za (44,26±0,76) %