Effect of Combination Soy Bean Oil and Oleic Acid to Characteristic, Penetration, Physical Stability of Nanostructure Lipid Carrier Resveratrol

Resveratrol is an antioxidant that can be used as anti-aging. Topical use has several problems because solubility in water is low and unstable to light. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the combination of soy bean oil and oleic acid liquid lipids on the characteristics, penetration, and stability of resveratrol nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC). Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) were made with high shear homogeneous technique. To determine the characterization of NLC, diffraction scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transforms infrared spectrophotometry were used. Examination of the morphological form was carried out with a transmission electron microscope. The particle size and polydispersity index examination were measured by the Delsa Nano™ particle size analyzer, while the efficiency of trapping resveratrol in the NLC system was measured by the dialysis membrane method. Furthermore, the penetration depth test on the skin of mice was done by fluorescence microscope method using rhodamine B markers. Physical stability test was performed by examination of particle size and index polydispersity for 30 days. The formula with liquid soy bean oil and oleic acid liquid lipids improved the characteristics including the effectiveness of entrapment and colloidal stability. However, the formula with soy bean oil and oleic acid combination liquid lipids did not provide better penetration into the skin than the use of single liquid lipids. While the formula with soy bean oil and oleic acid liquid lipids proved to improve the physical stability for 30 days

PARTICULATE DELIVERY SYSTEM OF CHITOSAN - DITERPENE LACTONE FRACTION OF SAMBILOTO (ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA NEES): PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND IN VITRO DRUG RELEASE

Objective: This paper was aimed to study the effect of chitosan, sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) as crosslinker, and diterpene lactone fraction of sambiloto (FDTL) from Andrographis paniculata Nees which contained 75.9% andrographolide on the characteristics of the FDTL-chitosan particulate system. Those characteristics were the physicochemical interaction, physical state, morphology, and drug entrapment efficiency. The in vitro drug release of the selected FDTL-chitosan particulate system was also evaluated.Methods: The particulate system of FDTL-chitosan was prepared by ionic gelation–spray drying method with the various amounts of TPP, chitosan, and FDTL. The physical characteristics were evaluated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), differential thermal analyzer (DTA), and X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope. In vitro drug release was performed in 0.1% sodium lauryl sulfate media at 37°C.Results: The results of FTIR and DTA analysis were in accordance with the results of morphology evaluation which indicated that chitosan-TPP ratio 10:8 could produce chitosan particles with a spherical and smooth surface. FDTL has been trapped in chitosan particulate systems, and the crystallinity of FDTL changed. Particulate systems with FDTL-chitosan-TPP ratio - 4:10:8 showed better characteristics compared to others with entrapment efficiency of 33.82%. The dissolution efficiency at 360 minutes (ED360) of particulate systems FDTL-chitosan was higher up to 1.5 times compared to FDTL.Conclusion: The difference in the ratio of chitosan and TPP affected the morphology of chitosan particles since the amount of drug loaded, and the amount of chitosan affected the drug entrapment. The ED360 of FDTL of FDTL-chitosan-TPP increased up to 1.5 times compared to the FDTL

Antioxidant Stability Assay of Alpha Tocopheryl Acetate In Solid Lipid Nanoparticle System (Lipid Base Beeswax and Monostearic Gliseryl 50:50)

Introduction : As an antioxidant, alpha tocopheryl acetate is easily degraded by light and free radical in air. Solid Lipid Nanoparticle (SLN) is a system that can provide protection of active ingredient because of its drug entrapment ability and physical protective from UV light due to its nano-sized. The aim of this study is for investigated the ability of SLN that could increase stability of antioxidant potency from alpha tocopheryl acetate. SLN is expected to have higher stability of antioxidant potency compared with simple cream. Methods : SLN and simple cream was made SLN was made using lipid beeswax (BW) and monostearic glyceryl (GMS) as base and Tween 80 as stabilizer. SLN was produced using high shear homogenization method and simple cream was produced using hot plate magnetic stirrer. Antioxidant potency was measured by DPPH method. Sample was radiated by UV C light as free radical initiator. Result and Discussion : Alpha tocopheryl acetate loaded in SLN system has higher stability of antioxidant potency compared with simple cream that shown with k value as constanta of antioxidant potency degradation between time This could be due to its physical blocker of UV light and drug entrapment properties. Conclusion : SLN was selected as antioxidant carrier due to its ability to increase antioxidant stability of alpha tocopheryl acetate

Development Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (Nlc) Loaded Resveratrol with Different Combination of Soybean Oil and Oleic Acid

Resveratrol is a potential antioxidant to improve skin aging. However, resveratrol has the disadvantage of being insoluble in water and unstable to light, for this reason is made the delivery system of lipid nanostructure carrier that has the ability to protect unstable compounds that can increase the stability of active ingredients during storage period. The purpose of this study was to formulate resveratrol nanostructure lipid carrier (NLC) and evaluate the stability of nanoparticles in maintaining stability during storage. The NLC formula is made with different comparative concentrations of liquid lipids, soy bean oil and oleic acid (3: 1, 2:2, 1: 3) using the High Shear Homogenization method. Characterization is then carried out. NLC includes particle size, potential zeta, polydispersity index, viscosity, PH, entrapment efficiency of resveratrol, FTIR, NLC morphology and storage stability test for 60 days with particle size parameters, polydispersity index and PH. NLC resveratrol with a ratio of 1: 3 shows spherical morphology with an average particle size of 304.36 ± 35.82 nm, polydispersity index 0.243 ± 0.03, zeta potential -47.9 ± 1.26 and entrapment efficiency 95.08 ± 0.09, viscosity 420.00 ± 16.3. In the stability test of NLC-F3 with a ratio of 1: 3 is stable for 60 days of storage including particle size, polidispersity index and PH

Effect of Lipid Composition on Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) on Ubiquinone Effectiveness as an Anti-aging Cosmetics

The purpose of this research is to determine the optimum composition of solid lipid and liquid lipid in order to increase the penetration and effectiveness of Q10 as antioxidant in anti-aging cosmetics. Solid lipid and liquid lipid used in this study were cetyl palmitate and caprylic, which were combined to four (4) different ratios, namely 10:0; 9:1; 7:3 and 5:5. NLC Q10 in this study was produced by high shear homogenization method at 3400 rpm for 5 cycles and at 24000 for 1 cycle. The fourth formula was evaluated in term of characteristics, penetration and effectiveness. From the pH test , it was known that all formulas met the skin pH range (4.0-6.0). For the particle size test , all formulas (NLC 1 - NLC 4) were in the range from 269.13 to 354.77 nm with NLC 3 (7: 3) had the smallest particle size. The results of viscosity and surface tension test were also consistent with the theory, where the addition of liquid lipid reduced viscosity and surface tension of the system. The entrapment efficiency (EE) demonstrated the EE of NLC 1: 22.24%; NLC 2: 24.71%; NLC 3: 58.21% and NLC 4:36.94%. The penetration test showed all systems were able to penetrate the dermis layer at the 5th hour. NLC 3 (7:3) had more rapid onset, while the NLC Q10 with the ratio of lipid 9:1, had slower onset of action but can penetrate farther than the other NLC Q10 system. The result of Q10 effectiveness test showed NLC 2 (9:1) has lowest total macrophage (23.33) and very dense collagen observation (score : 4). From this research, it can be concluded that NLC 2 (9:1) had the most optimal lipid composition to increase the penetration and effectiveness of Q10 as an antioxidant in anti-aging cosmetics

Characterization And The Release Test of Anti-Aging Tretinoin in Nanoemulsion Using Olive Oil

People are more and more desire a youthful and attractive appearance. Aging of the skin can be the result of a normal process that involves a lower rate of metabolic activities and is called chronologic aging. Photoaging is the consequence of chronic sun exposure and manifests clinically with fine and coarse wrinkling, roughness, dryness,laxity, shallowness, pigmentary mottling, telangiectasia, and in some cases with preneoplastic and neoplastic changes (Stefanaki et al., 2005). Tretinoin is a compound that is able to show an effect of prevention and treatment of wrinkles due to photo aging, acne, and inflammation of the skin. It is all-trans retinol is oxidized through retinal to its most active metabolite (Kligman et. al, 1986). The effectivity of an active ingredient is determined among others by the ability to reach the site of action. To reach the site of action the active ingredients used orally or topically must first dissolve, release then absorbed or penetrates through the membrane and then diffuses into the site of action. Tretinoin practically insoluble to increase it used nanoemulsion delivery as a vehicle. Solubility is one of the factors of drug absorption. Higher solubility of drug caused higher amount of drug to absorb. Smaller droplet of emulsion caused rapid drug release. In this study tretinoin loaded in nanoemulsion using olive oil than it characterized and test of tretinoin release compared with tretinoin in emulsion. Olive oil used as oil phase in nanoemulsion as known it widely used in cosmetic

The Role of Resveratrol as Potent Antioxidant for Anti-aging Formulation Development: A Review

The occurrence of skin aging process is not the same in each individuals. The changes in skin appearance can affect in self-confidence, especially for those who experience the aging process faster than their age called premature aging. Therefore it is necessary therapy to prevent, repair and maintain the structure and function of aging skin. Resveratrol is a potent antioxidant that has activity as skin anti-aging. The limitations of the physicochemical properties of Resveratrol become the focus of attention for formulation of anti-aging development

Aktivitas Antibakteri dan Stabilitas Sediaan Gel Minyak Atsiri Daun Jeruk Purut (Citrus hystrix folium)

Daun jeruk (Citrus hystrix folium) mengandung minyak esensial 1-1,5%, menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri. Bahan aktif yang berkontribusi sebagai aktivitas antibakteri mengandung senyawa dengan gugus alkohol dan aldehida yang mendenaturasi protein sel bakteri. Tujuan: mengevaluasi efektivitas dan stabilitas antibakteri gel yang mengandung minyak esensial hasil isolasi dari daun Citrus hystrix terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis dan Staphylococcus aureus. Metode: Formulasi gel minyak atsiri dibuat menggunakan karbomer 940 sebagai gelling agent. Aktivitas antibakteri gel yang mengandung minyak atsiri dievaluasi terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis dan Staphylococcus aureus dengan gel yang mengandung 1% klindamisin sebagai kontrol positif dengan metode difusi agar. Hasil: Sediaan Gel efektif terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis dan Staphylococcus aureus. Diameter rata-rata zona hambatan pertumbuhan sebelum dan sesudah penyimpanan selama 4 minggu adalah 16,75 mm, dan 17,65 mm. Aktivitas hambatan terhadap dua bakteri uji relatif lebih kecil daripada gel klindamisin. Gel memiliki stabilitas fisik yang baik ditunjukkan dengan tidak adanya perubahan pada konsistensi, warna, bau, viskositas dan pH yang diamati selama penyimpanan 4 minggu. Gel menghasilkan warna putih kekuningan dan bau jeruk yang khas, sedangkan gel kontrol menunjukkan warna kuning transparan dan berbau tween. Kesimpulan: Gel minyak atsiri jeruk secara efektif menghambat pertumbuhan Staphylococcus epidermidis dan Staphylococcus aureus, stabil setelah penyimpanan selama 4 minggu, oleh karena itu prospektif untuk dikembangkan sebagai bahan baku untuk gel anti jerawat

Increasing of Lycopene's Antioxidant Stability In Solid Lipid Nanoparticle (SLN) and Nanostrcture Lipid And Carrier (NLC) in Use As Antiaging

Lykopene is known as lipophilic antioxidant are often used as an anti-aging cosmetic active ingredient. Antioxidants is easily degraded so that its activity is reduced. To improve the stability, lycopene was loaded in nanolipid structure, such as: Solid Lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and Nanostructrure lipid carrier (NLC). Lycopene loaded in SLN and NLC arc made with High Shear homogenisation (HSH) method. An antioxidant stability is determined based on IC50 value changes. IC50 is determined using l , l -Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) after being kept in controlled conditions on days 1 and 30. Their oclusivity was determined also. The conclusion is the NLC is able to improve the stability of the lycopene antioxidant and have oclusivity greater than the SLN. Oclusivity nature can indicate the ability of the formula to retain skin moisture

The Effect of Combination of Methacrylic Acid Copolymer L Type and S Type On the Physical and Chemical Polymer Properties

The combination of methacrylic acid copolymers L-type and S-type in development of novel drug delivery system (NDDS) has been hold to modify the release pattern of drug. This combination especially for achieving dosage form release active substances in intestine. Physical and chemical properties of this copolymers has an important things because it can influence the quality of dosage form. Each of copolymers has different properties, so the combination will achieve the best formula. Methacrylic acid copolymer L-type has a number of methacrylic acid 49.6% and low viscosity 89 Mpa.s whereas methacrylic acid copolymer of Stype has a number of methacrylic acid 28.8% and a high viscosity 162 Mpa.s. To investigate the effect of the copolymer combination on the physical and chemical properties, the viscosity, acid number and pH of the matrices combination were then investigated. The combination of methacrylic acid copolymers L-type and Stype are: 10 : 0; 8 : 2; 6 : 4; 5 : 5; 4 : 6; 2: 8; and 0 : 10. The result showed that the increasing proportions of Stype (formula 1 to formula 7), increased the viscosity and pH, and decreased acid value