わが国のがん統計に関する現状と課題

要旨ありがん統計データおよびその解析総合報

A forward solution for RF impedance tomography in wood

Both integral equation and differential equation methods enable modelling current and hence impedance of wood, to provide the forward solution for impedance tomography that in turn provides a measure of its internal moisture distribution. Previously, we have used a series impedance model and successfully demonstrated measurement of internal moisture distribution. Here we describe the adaptation of our integral equation method for this application. This has required an alternative calculation to model the impressed field from the segmented electrodes used in the measurements to date, and we demonstrate distortion of the anomalous field due to the presence of a wood dielectric, and the field magnitude. Further work will be required to translate the resulting field distribution from our model, to complex current and hence impedance readings, to allow completion of tomographic reconstruction using this approach

Relation between ventriculoarterial coupling and myocardial energetics in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy

AbstractObjectives. The purpose of this study was to evaluate left ventricular contractility, arterial loading conditions and the way their interaction affects myocardial energetics.Background. Ventriculoarterial coupling, defined as the ratio of effective arterial elastance to left ventricular end-systolic elastance, is known to reflect the mechanoenergetic performance of the heart. However, relations between the coupling and efficiencies of energy transfer from oxygen consumption to hydraulic energy have not been fully investigated in failing hearts.Methods. Pressure-volume data were measured in 23 patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy by using a conductance catheter, and myocardial oxygen consumption was obtained simultaneously in 16 patients by a double-thermistor coronary sinus catheter. End-systolic elastance was determined by transient inferior cava occlusion.Results. Data are reported as mean value ± SE. Ventriculoarterial coupling at baseline was 3.14 ± 0.28. It decreased from 3.12 ± 0.43 to 1.86 ± 0.15 (p < 0.05) for the group receiving dobutamine infusion and from 3.16 ± 0.45 to 1.78 ± 0.22 (p < 0.01) for the group receiving the oral phosphodiesterase inhibitor MS-857. The ratio of pressure-volume area to myocardial oxygen consumption had a positive correlation with ventriculoarterial coupling. The ratio of external work to pressure-volume area had a hyperbolic correlation with the coupling. The mechanical efficiency defined as the ratio of external work to myocardial oxygen consumption remained within a narrow range (16.4 ± 1.2%).Conclusions. The degree of ventriculoarterial coupling is far from optimal and the cardiovascular performance is severely depressed mechanically and energetically in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Although inotropic agents improve the coupling, they have a minimal effect on mechanical efficiency

NASDA's earth observation satellite data archive policy for the earth observation data and information system (EOIS)

NASDA's new Advanced Earth Observing Satellite (ADEOS) is scheduled for launch in August, 1996. ADEOS carries 8 sensors to observe earth environmental phenomena and sends their data to NASDA, NASA, and other foreign ground stations around the world. The downlink data bit rate for ADEOS is 126 MB/s and the total volume of data is about 100 GB per day. To archive and manage such a large quantity of data with high reliability and easy accessibility it was necessary to develop a new mass storage system with a catalogue information database using advanced database management technology. The data will be archived and maintained in the Master Data Storage Subsystem (MDSS) which is one subsystem in NASDA's new Earth Observation data and Information System (EOIS). The MDSS is based on a SONY ID1 digital tape robotics system. This paper provides an overview of the EOIS system, with a focus on the Master Data Storage Subsystem and the NASDA Earth Observation Center (EOC) archive policy for earth observation satellite data

Neuropathology and Therapeutic Intervention in Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy

Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is a hereditary motor neuron disease caused by the expansion of a polyglutamine tract in the androgen receptor (AR). The histopathological finding in SBMA is loss of lower motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord as well as in the brainstem motor nuclei. Animal studies have revealed that the pathogenesis of SBMA depends on the level of serum testosterone, and that androgen deprivation mitigates neurodegeneration through inhibition of nuclear accumulation of the pathogenic AR. Heat shock proteins, ubiquitin-proteasome system and transcriptional regulation are also potential targets of therapy development for SBMA

Space Based Data Usage for Smart Farming

Precision Agriculture and input optimization with knowledge sharing are key for smart farming. The use of new technologies such as satellites, drones, navigation, AI/ML, big data, IoT, cloud-computing makes farming and agriculture smarter and transparent. Use of such advanced technologies, governmental officers and farmers can create evidence-based prescription maps for variable rate application of inputs, such as fertilizers, pesticides, and irrigation. Also, smart farming improve efficiency, reduce costs, simplify forecasting, streamline recording and reporting, and boost the sustainability and environmentally friendly agriculture while addressing todays needs and helping future planning. This paper is a brief overview of space-based tools that are currently available for smart farming and also importance of earth observation for smart farming with some examples on rice crop in Asia

Activation of channel activity of the NMDA receptor-PSD-95 complex by guanylate kinase-associated protein (GKAP)

AbstractThe channel-associated protein PSD-95 functionally modulates NMDA receptor channels, interacting with the channels via PDZ domain of PSD-95. PSD-95 also interacts with guanylate kinase-associated protein (GKAP) through the guanylate kinase-like domain of PSD-95. Here we report that GKAP markedly potentiates the channel activity of the receptor-PSD-95 complex. However, GKAP had no effect on basic properties of the channels nor on PSD-95-induced changes in channel properties. Thus, GKAP affects the channel activity of the NMDA receptor via PSD-95 quantitatively, which may make signal transmission more efficient at postsynaptic sites

The Cytoskeletal Architecture of the Presynaptic Terminal and Molecular Structure of Synapsin 1

We have examined the cytoskeletal architecture and its relationship with synaptic vesicles in synapses by quick-freeze deep-etch electron microscopy (QF.DE). The main cytoskeletal elements in the presynaptic terminals (neuromuscular junction, electric organ, and cerebellar cortex) were actin filaments and microtubules. The actin filaments formed a network and frequently were associated closely with the presynaptic plasma membranes and active zones. Short, linking strands approximately 30 nm long were found between actin and synaptic vesicles, between microtubules and synaptic vesicles. Fine strands (30-60 nm) were also found between synaptic vesicles. Frequently spherical structures existed in the middle of the strands between synaptic vesicles. Another kind of strand (approximately 100 nm long, thinner than the actin filaments) between synaptic vesicles and plasma membranes was also observed. We have examined the molecular structure of synapsin 1 and its relationship with actin filaments, microtubules, and synaptic vesicles in vitro using the low angle rotary shadowing technique and QF.DE. The synapsin 1, approximately 47 nm long, was composed of a head (approximately 14 nm diam) and a tail (approximately 33 nm long), having a tadpole-like appearance. The high resolution provided by QF.DE revealed that a single synapsin 1 cross-linked actin filaments and linked actin filaments with synaptic vesicles, forming approximately 30-nm short strands. The head was on the actin and the tail was attached to the synaptic vesicle or actin filament. Microtubules were also cross-linked by a single synapsin 1, which also connected a microtubule to synaptic vesicles, forming approximately 30 nm strands. The spherical head was on the microtubules and the tail was attached to the synaptic vesicles or to microtubules. Synaptic vesicles incubated with synapsin 1 were linked with each other via fine short fibrils and frequently we identified spherical structures from which two or three fibril radiated and cross-linked synaptic vesicles. We have examined the localization of synapsin 1 using ultracryomicrotomy and colloidal gold-immunocytochemistry of anti-synapsin 1 IgG. Synapsin 1 was exclusively localized in the regions occupied by synaptic vesicles. Statistical analyses indicated that synapsin 1 is located mostly at least approximately 30 nm away from the presynaptic membrane. These data derived via three different approaches suggest that synapsin 1 could be a main element of short linkages between actin filaments and synaptic vesicles, and between microtubules and synaptic vesicles, and between synaptic vesicles in the nerve terminals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS