Toxicity Of Foundry Sand Wastes Using The Luminescent Bacteria Vibrio Fischeri Assay [toxicidade Do Resíduo Areia De Fundição Utilizando O Teste Com A Bactéria Luminescente Vibrio Fischeri]

Wastes foundry sand can be contaminated by metals, depending on the kind of metal that is molten in the casting industry and/or organics from chemical bindings used in these process. Because of the complexity of these mixtures it is difficult to characterize using only chemical analyses. In order to obtain information about the ecological hazard of those samples, biological tests can be used. The acute toxicity test with the luminescent bacteria Vibrio fischeri is a good choice due to its simplicity, low cost and rapid response. In this work virgin and used foundry sands from four different mold-making industries were analyzed. The aqueous extract of the nine virgin sands tested showed negative results for the luminescent bacteria. Ten out of the eighteen used sand samples were positive and they all belonged to the organics chemical-bounded sand process. The samples derived from the green sand mold-making process showed negative responses. Our work confirms that the Vibrio fischeri acute test can be used as an additional tool to evaluate the ecotoxicological hazard of foundry sands and that the toxicity seems to be related to the mold-making process. ©Sociedade Brasileira de Toxicologia.231-21721Scheunemann, R., (2005) Regeneração de Areia de Fundição Através de Tratamento Químico Via Processo Fentom, , [Dissertação] Florianópolis: Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina(1999) Manual de Regeneração e Reuso de Areias de Fundição, , ABIFA. (Associação Brasileira de Fundição). São Paulo: ABIFA(2010) Guia ABIFA de Fundição: Anuário 2010, , ABIFA. (Associação Brasileira de Fundição). São Paulo: ABIFAArmange, L.C., Neppel, L.F., Gemelli, E., Camargo, N.H.A., Utilização de areia de fundição residual para uso em argamassa (2005) Revista Matéria, 10, pp. 51-62http://www.materia.coppe.ufrj.br/sarra/artigos/artigo10631, Disponível em Acessado em 10/dez/2006Bastian, K.C., Alleman, J.E., Microtox(TM) characterization of foundry sand residuals (1998) Waste Management, 18 (4), pp. 227-234. , DOI 10.1016/S0956-053X(98)00030-0, PII S0956053X98000300Umbuzeiro, G.A., Rodrigues, P.F., O teste de toxicidade com bactérias luminescentes e o controle da poluição das águas (2004) O Mundo Da Saúde, 28, pp. 444-449(1992) Environmental Protection Series. Biological Test Method: Toxicity Test Using Luminescent Bacteria, p. 56. , Environment Canada. Canada: Método Analítico(1999) MicrotoxOmni™ Software, , Azur Environmental. CD-ROMHung, Y.T., Jiang, Z., Lo, H.H., Microtox bioassay of foundry sand residuals (2003) The Ohio J Science, 103, pp. 39-41(2002) Beneficial Reuse of Foundry Sand: A Review of State Practices and Regulations, p. 35. , USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency). Washington, DC(1991) Methods for Aquatic Toxicity Identification Evaluations: Phase I. Toxicity Characterization Procedures, p. 87. , USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency). 2nd ed. Final Report. Duluth, MN: Environment Research Laboratory, EPA/600/6-91/003(1992) Methods for Aquatic Toxicity Identification Evaluations: Phase II. Toxicity Identification Procedures for Samples Exhibiting Acute and Chronic Toxicity, p. 30. , USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency). Duluth, MN: Environment Research Laboratory, EPA/600/6-92/080(1993) Methods for Aquatic Toxicity Identification Evaluations: Phase III. Toxicity Confirmation Procedures for Samples Exhibiting Acute and Chronic Toxicity, p. 40. , USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency). Duluth, MN: Environment Research Laboratory, EPA/600/R-92/081(2007) Sediment Toxicity Identification Evaluation (TIE): Phases I, II and III. Guidance Document, p. 145. , USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency). Washington, DC: Office of Research and Development, EPA/600/R-07/08