CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF CASHEW NUT BRAN IN DIFFERENT STAGES OF PROCESSING

The present work aimed to characterize the cashew nut bran during several stages of processing, with emphasis in the quantification of total extractable polyphenols and total antioxidant activity. The cashew nut bran was analyzed for the following parameters: water activity, total acidity, pH, moisture, ash, lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, total extractable polyphenols and total antioxidant activity by the methods ABTS•+ and DPPH•. There was a decrease in the water activity and moisture in cashew nut bran during processing. The highest values of total extractable polyphenols and antioxidant activity were observed in raw bran due to peel adhered in these nuts

POLYPHENOLS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF CASHEW NUTS FROM CONVENTIONAL AND ORGANIC CULTIVATION IN DIFFERENT STAGES OF PROCESSING

This research aimed to determine the total extractable polyphenols and the antioxidant activity of cashew nut obtained from conventional and organic cultivation. The study was performed with cashew nuts collected at four stages of processing: after shelling, before peeling, after peeling and during packaging. The antioxidant activity was measured by the methods with the radicals ABTS•+ and DPPH• and by the β-carotene/linoleic acid system. The nuts collected in the steps after shelling and before peeling presented higher antioxidant activity than those collected after peeling and during packaging. Little variation occurred in the content of total extractable polyphenols and antioxidant activity by ABTS•+ and DPPH• assays between the two cultivation methods studied

INFLUENCE OF THE PROCESSING STEPS ON CASHEW NUT QUALITY

Cashew nuts have high nutritional value. This nut providesmacronutrients, micronutrients and a large variety of antioxidants,such as phenolic compounds. There are losses in some compoundsduring the processing of fruits and there are very few studies onthis aspect. Given the above, this research aimed to determine theeff ect of the processing steps on cashew nut characteristics withemphasis on total antioxidant activity. Signifi cant diff erences wereobserved between the processing steps for all the chemical andphysical-chemical characteristics studied. Cashew nuts containedhigh levels of lipids and energy, low content of moisture and wateractivity and medium content of phenolic compounds (51.33 GAE/100g) and antioxidant activity by the ABTS•+ radical (6.49 μM Trolox/g)at the end of the process. Regarding the total antioxidant activity,it was observed that the ABTS•+ radical method can be consideredappropriate to measure the antioxidant activity of cashew nuts, sincethe results presented lower coeffi cients of variation and expressproportionate results to other methods

PROCESSOS OXIDATIVOS NA FRAÇÃO LIPÍDICA DE ALIMENTOS

A presente revisão de literatura teve como objetivo explicar os mecanismos da oxidação lipídica, mostrando os principais métodos de detecção da sua ocorrência em alimentos. Foram abordados ainda o seu efeito nos alimentos e em que etapa do processamento a oxidação costuma ocorrer. Diversas metodologias foram criadas com o intuito de quantificar e identificar a ocorrência da oxidação de lipídios em alimentos, algumas envolvem métodos químicos e físico-químicos e outras são realizadas por meio de testes sensoriais. A utilização de métodos de quantificação juntamente com a aplicação das avaliações sensoriais torna-se útil para analisar como o aumento da ocorrência de processos oxidativos irá ser detectada, representando alternativa para se estimar a manutenção da qualidade sensorial e a aceitação do produto no mercado consumidor

Identification and Quantification of Oxidoselina-1,3,7(11)-Trien-8-One and Cyanidin-3-Glucoside as One of the Major Volatile and Non-Volatile Low-Molecular-Weight Constituents in Pitanga Pulp.

The pulp of pitanga (Eugenia uniflora L.) is used to prepare pitanga juice. However, there are no reports on the identification and quantification of the main constituents in pitanga pulp. The aim of this study was to identify and quantify the major volatile and non-volatile low-molecular-weight constituents of the pulp. Isolation of volatile compounds was performed by solvent-assisted flavor evaporation technique. Characterization of the main volatile and non-volatile constituents was performed by GC-MS, LC-MS and NMR spectroscopy. For quantitative measurements, the main volatile compound needed to be isolated from pitanga pulp to obtain a commercially not available reference standard. Cyanidin-3-glucoside was determined as one of the most abundant non-volatile pulp compound yielding 53.8% of the sum of the intensities of all ions detected by LC-MS. Quantification of cyanidin-3-glucoside in pitanga pulp resulted in a concentration of 344 ± 66.4 μg/mL corresponding to 688 ± 133 μg/g dried pulp and 530 ± 102 μg/g fruit. For the volatile fraction, oxidoselina-1,3,7(11)-trien-8-one was identified as the main volatile pulp constituent (27.7% of the sum of the intensities of all ions detected by GC-MS), reaching a concentration of 89.0 ± 16.9 μg/mL corresponding to 1.34 ± 0.25 μg/g fresh pulp and 1.03 ± 0.19 μg/g fruit. The results provide quantitative evidence for the occurrence of an anthocyanin and an oxygenated sesquiterpene as one of the major volatile and non-volatile low-molecular-weight compounds in pitanga pulp

Efeito da solução de fortificação com sacarose na alteração de parâmetros físico e físico-químicos em <i>Dendranthema</i> <i>grandiflorum</i> (Ramat) Tzvelev

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar a quantificação de compostos fenólicos e carboidratos em diferentes partes de plantas de Crisântemo (Dendranthema grandiflorum (Ramat) Tzvelev) identificando possíveis alterações físicas e físico-químicas após tratamento em solução de fortificação em sacaros