A STUDY ON THE STAGE OF PRESENTATION OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURIES TO CLINICS IN WESTERN NIGERIA

Aim: The research was primarily set to assess the stages at which acute kidney injuries (AKI) are presented for clinical appraisal. Methods: The research was carried out in southwest Nigeria. A total of 151 participants were included, 101 were AKI patients. The remaining 50 were apparently healthy individuals who had no history of AKI, who served as control. Estimation of plasma creatinine was carried out on the subjects’ blood sample. Values were then subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS 17. The diagnosis and staging of AKI was based on history taken and a rise in plasma creatinine to set cut off points. AKI patients were therefore grouped into three with respect to the plasma creatinine content of the first blood sample collected on presentation. The three stages were titled 1, 2, and 3; 1 and 3 being mild and severe respectively. Result: A significant rise in plasma creatinine was observed when the AKI patients were compared with control. The frequencies of patients at each AKI stage were 17, 5, and 79 for stages 1, 2, and 3 respectively. The age groups and frequency of AKI were: up to 10 years (31), 11 to 20years (6), 21 to 30 years (27), 31 to 4 years (33), 41 to 50 years (4), 51 to 60 years (5), and 60 years and above (6). Conclusion: It appears that in the absence of metabolic diseases, the frequency of AKI is higher in children and between the age group of 21 to 40

Knowledge and experience of medical students with male urethral catheterization

Background: Urethral catheterization is a commonly performed procedure. Therefore medical students should receive adequate training in this technique to avoid devastating consequences of performing it poorly. This study was aimed at finding out the knowledge and experience of final year medical students with the technique of male urethral catheterization.Methods: Well-structured questionnaire was administered to each of the final year medical students of Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH) one week to their final examinations.Results: All the 215 students received the questionnaire one week before their final examinations with 128 (60%) completing it. The male to female ratio was 1:1 with a mean age of 28 years. One hundred and twenty-five (98.4%) of the students had been throught male urethral catheterization. Thirty-five (27.6%) of the students have never performed male urethral catheterization. One hundred and fifteen students (90.6%) agreed that urethral catheterization is a sterile procedure. Sixty-nine (54.3%) students said xylocaine jelly should be used as lubricant.. Ninety four (74%) students said that they will inflate the balloon of the catheter when the Y junction gets to the tip of the penis. Forty-nine (38.6%) students said they are very confident about male urethral catheterization, 61 (48.0%) said reasonably confident while 5 (3.9%) are not confident at all.Conclusions: Urethral catheterization is a common procedure. Students should receive adequate instruction in this technique to avoid devastating consequences of performing it poorly

Plasma Levels of Total Proteins, Albumin, Globulin and Plasma Albumin/Globulin Ratio in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Ile-Ife, Nigeria

Plasma levels of total protein, albumin and globulin were estimated in 25 HIV positive subjects and 25 age and sex-matched controls. Test subjects were recruited from the Haematology day Clinic and Medical wards of theOAUTHC, lle-Ife. The controls were equally obtained from staff and students within the OAUTHC, lle-lfe who tested negative for H1V in the last six months. The albumin/globulin ratios were also computed for each group. This study was undertaken to determine the plasma levels of these biochemical analytes as well as their profiles in complications of Human Immunodeficiency virus /Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDs) subjects. The mean plasma levels of total protein and globulin in HIV positive subjects were significantly higher than those of their respective controls (

Comparative Assessment of Pathological Condition of Selected Mahogany Trees

Sustainability of mahogany trees have been threatened by the pandemic of fungal diseases, but variation exists in the level of occurrence of the diseases among the trees. Thus, diagnosing the level of susceptibility of mahogany to the diseases will be the first step to ameliorating the impact of the diseases on the trees’ abundance. This study comparatively investigated the pathological status of selected mahogany trees (Khaya senegalensis and Entandrophragma cylindricum. Diseased samples of the tree species were collected from a mahogany forest located in Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State, Nigeria. Data were collected through laboratory analysis of the samples and statistically analyzed with the use of ANOVA and t-test at α0.05. Result shows that E. cylindricum is more susceptible to fungal attack by collectotrichum (66.67%), aspergillus (22.22%) and fusarium (18.51%). While in K. senegalensis, the frequency of occurrence (FOC) of the diseases were 62.96%, 14.81% and 14.81% respectively. There was however, no significant different in the FOC of the two species. But on utility, it is better to adhere to K. senegalensis:it has less pathological weakness. Keywords: Tree collectotrichum, frequency of occurrence (FOC), mahogany fusariu

Hematological profile of Plasmodium falciparum infected patients in Ile- Ife southwest, Nigeria

Hematological profile of Plasmodium falciparum infected patients in Ile- Ife, southwest Nigeria was analyzed across 60 blood samples. Forty of these samples were from confirmrd P. falciparum infected patients attending outpatient clinic at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile-Ife, while 20 were from apparently healthy individuals not infected with malaria parasites (control). Standard methods were used to determine the haematocrit, erythrocytes sedimentation rate (ESR), plasma and whole blood viscosity and fibrinogen concentration (clot weight). There were statistically significant differences between the mean ± SD of infected and control subjects in the haematocrit levels (32.58±8.10 and 42.90±7.76) respectively ERS (24.38±3.00 and 8.20±1.91) and plasma fibrinogen concentration (5.09±1.23 and 3.16±0.73) (p<0.05). The differences in the mean ± SD of whole blood viscosity (6.50±0.80 and 5.57±1.42) and mean of plasma viscosity for the control and infected subjects were not statistically significant (p>0.05). The above results showed that Plasmodium falciparum infected patients are at risk of thrombosis.Keywords: Plasmodium falciparum, blood, Hematological, malariaInternational Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 6(2): 236-238, 201

Complications of Pediatric Renal Transplantation

The major advance allowing prolonged graft survival has been the use of immunosuppressive drugs that downregulate the immune response. The immunosuppression that is used varies among centers and evolves with the development of new medications