Breed effects and genetic parameter estimates for calving difficulty and birth weight in a multibreed population

Birth weight (BWT) and calving difficulty (CD) were recorded on 4,579 first-parity females from the Germplasm Evaluation Program at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (USMARC). Both traits were analyzed using a bivariate animal model with direct and maternal effects. Calving difficulty was transformed from the USMARC scores to corresponding Z-scores from the standard normal distribution based on the incidence rate of the USMARC scores. Breed fraction covariates were included to estimate breed differences. Heritability estimates (SE) for BWT direct, CD direct, BWT maternal, and CD maternal were 0.34 (0.10), 0.29 (0.10), 0.15 (0.08), and 0.13 (0.08), respectively. Calving difficulty direct breed effects deviated from Angus ranged from −0.13 to 0.77 and maternal breed effects deviated from Angus ranged from −0.27 to 0.36. Hereford-, Angus-, Gelbvieh-, and Brangus-sired calves would be the least likely to require assistance at birth, whereas Chiangus-, Charolais-, and Limousinsired calves would be the most likely to require assistance at birth. Maternal breed effects for CD were least for Simmental and Charolais and greatest for Red Angus and Chiangus. Results showed that the diverse biological types of cattle have different effects on both BWT and CD. Furthermore, results provide a mechanism whereby beef cattle producers can compare EBV for CD direct and maternal arising from disjoined and breed-specific genetic evaluations

Estudo de definição alternativa da probabilidade de permanência no rebanho para a raça Nelore Alternative definition of stayability for Nelore beef cattle

Uma definição alternativa de permanência no rebanho foi estudada em comparação à definição usual. Na definição usual, foram consideradas vacas com pelo menos três partos até os 76 meses de idade como valor 1 e vacas com menos de 3 partos com valor zero. A definição alternativa considerou os valores 0, 1, 2 e 3, respectivamente, para vacas com menos de três, com três, quatro ou cinco partos até os 76 meses de idade. Foram obtidas estimativas de herdabilidade e preditas as DEPs (Diferenças Esperadas na Progênie) para probabilidade de permanência no rebanho de 4.180 touros com filhas na base de dados do Programa de Melhoramento Genético da Raça Nelore (PMGRN-USP). Utilizaram-se o modelo linear unicaráter de touro avô-materno e a análise Bayesiana, por meio do software MTGSAM_threshold (Multiple-Trait Gibbs Sampler for Animal Models). Considerou-se tamanho de cadeia de Gibbs de 225 mil, período de descarte amostral de 25 mil e tomada de amostra a cada 1.000 rodadas. A correlação entre classificações foi calculada por meio do SAS. As estimativas de herdabilidade foram de menor magnitude para a característica padrão (0,07 vs 0,08). A correlação de posto foi de 87,5%, ou seja, houve considerável alteração na classificação dos touros avaliados. Dados os valores das estimativas de variância de touro, de herdabilidade e de variações nas DEPs preditas, concluiu-se que a característica alternativa de permanência no rebanho possui maior capacidade de detecção da variabilidade genética que a característica padrão, sob modelo linear.<br>An alternative definition of stayability was compared to an usual one. The usual definition in this study classifies the cows with at least three calvings at age of 76 months as success, setting them a value 1, and the ones with less than three calvings at this age as failure, setting them a value 0. The alternative definition sets the cows the values 0, 1, 2, or 3, according to the number of calvings: less than three, three, four, or five calves at age of 76 months, respectively. Heritability estimates and EPDs (Expected Progeny Differences) of stayability were obtained using the information of 4,180 bulls with daughters in the database of the genetic breeding program of the Nellore cattle (PMGRN-USP). Both maternal grandsire single trait linear model and bayesian analysis were part of the MTGSAM_threshold (Multiple-Trait Gibbs Sampler for Animal Models) software. The implementation considered a length of Gibbs chain of 225 thousand, a period of burn-in of 25 thousand and a thinning interval at each 1 thousand runs. The correlation between both ranks was calculated by SAS (Statistical Analysis System). The heritability estimates were 0.07 to the usual definition of the trait versus 0.08 to the alternative one. The rank correlation was 87.5%, with considerable change on bull classifications. According to the estimates of sire variance and heritability and variations on EPDs, it can be concluded that the alternative definition of stayability has greater capacity to detect genetic variation under a linear model