Complementarity of Quantum Correlations in Cloning and Deleting of Quantum State

We quantify the amount of correlation generated between two different output modes in the process of im- perfect cloning and deletion processes. We use three different measures of correlations and study their role in determining the fidelity of the cloning and deletion. We obtain a bound on the total correlation generated in the successive process of cloning and deleting operations. This displays a new kind of complementary relationship between the quantum correlation required in generating a copy of a quantum state and the amount of correlation required in bringing it back to the original state by deleting and vice versa. Our result shows that better we clone (delete) a state, more difficult it will be to bring the state back to its original form by the process of deleting (cloning).Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, Accepted in Physical Review

Graphite-Fiber Elastic Constants: Determination from Ultrasonic Measurements on Composite Materials

We determined the complete five-component transverse-isotropic-symmetry elastic-constant tensor for two graphite fibers: high-strength/low-modulus and low-strength/high-modulus. We did this in two steps. First, we measured ultrasonically the complete elastic constants of a metal matrix with embedded uniaxial graphite fibers. Second, we did an inverse—modeling calculation to extract the fiber’s elastic constants. This calculation requires three inputs: composite elastic constants, matrix elastic constants, and fiber-matrix phase geometry, principally the fiber volume fraction. We compare the results with those expected for a random quasiisotropic graphite aggregate and for a hypothetical graphite fiber with perfectly aligned basal planes

Interface Effects on Attenuation and Phase Velocities in Metal-Matrix Composites

One often determines the effective elastic moduli and damping of a heterogeneous material by using elastic waves (propagating or standing). Several theoretical studies show that for long wavelengths one can calculate the effective wave speeds of plane longitudinal and shear waves through a composite material. At long wavelengths the wave speeds thus calculated are nondispersive and hence provide the values for the static effective elastic properties. References to some of the recent theoretical and experimental studies can be found in [1–12]. The scattering formulations developed in [1–8] provide a means to obtain both the effective wave speeds and the damping caused by scattering

Transient Response of a Laminated Composite Plate

Propagation of guided waves in a laminated plate is of interest for ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation of defects and for material characterization. There is a need for a thorough understanding of the wave propagation characteristics in such a plate in order to use ultrasonic means to determine the material properties, assess damage, and characterize defects. The problem is also of interest for study of acoustic emission

Characterization of a C4 maize pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase expressed in C3 transgenic rice plants

Pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) is a key enzyme in plants that utilize the C4 photosynthetic pathway to fix CO2. The enzymatic reaction catalyzed by PPDK is critically controlled by light and is one of the rate-limiting steps of the C4 pathway. The intact maize (Zea mays) C4-PPDK gene, containing its own promoter, terminator sequences and exon/intron structure was introduced into rice (Oryza sativa L. Indica “IR64”), a C3 plant. Expression of C4-PPDK in most transgenic rice lines resulted in increased CO2 assimilation rates compared to untransformed control plants. Most of the transformants showed higher photosynthetic activities than that of wild-type plant. Total nitrogen in the flag leaves of C4-PPDK transgenics was analyzed. Results showed an increase in total nitrogen compared to untransformed control plants suggesting that C4-PPDK expression in rice promoted nitrogen absorption from the soil.In addition, the photosynthesis rate of some transgenic IR64 lines was also increased in the greenhouse. Molecular analysis revealed that the intact PPDK gene integrated in the rice genome and affected the phenotypes of plants particularly tillers and enhanced yield of transgenic IR64 rice plants in the greenhouse

Scattering of SH Waves by Cracks and Delaminations in a Cladded Plate

Recent investigations of space construction have explored the use of Al cladded graphite/epoxy materials for space platforms. Characterization of potential flaws and joints in the cladded material by non-destructive evaluation (NDE) methods ensures the reliability of the structure. One possible NDE method is to use anti-plane shear (SH) waves generated and detected by electromagnetic-acoustic transducers (EMATs). There have been some investigations on the interactions of SH waves with delamination defects in a bimaterial plate. References to some of these can be found in Kundu[l,2]. Scattering of SH waves by cracks in a homogeneous plate was studied by Abduljabbar, et al. [3–5].</p

Interaction of Lamb Waves with Defects in a Semi-Infinite Plate

Many airplanes, both military and commercial, have exceeded their original design service lives. For such aging structures, the presence of hidden damage can severely limit their performance. It is important to monitor the progress of damage to ensure the safety and integrality of these structures. Typical damage can be several types of corrosion and fatigue cracking. Lap-joints trap moisture and air and are initiation sites for corrosion. These sites are potential locations for wide spread fatigue damage. Generally, corrosion can cause material loss and thickness reduction, which can be detected by non-destructive ultrasonic methods. Conventional methods require point-by-point inspection, which is a time-consuming process. Guided waves, which direct wave energy in the plate, carry information about the material in their path and offer a possible more efficient tool for non-destructive inspection of material loss or thickness reduction. Using a pitch-catch technique, in which one transducer sends a guided wave in a plate structure and a second transducer picks up the signal at a different position, guided waves can be launched and detected to inspect plate-like structures, line by line, thus increasing the inspection efficiency by an order of magnitude. Also, when guided waves pass through a region with material loss, some energy would be reflected back. By studying the characteristics of the reflected waves, information about material loss can be obtained

Enhancement of in vitro micro corm production in Gladiolus using alternative matrix

An efficient in vitro protocol for mass propagation of Gladiolus was developed. Basal portions of the innermost leaves responded readily in culture. Ten to fifteen adventitious shoot buds emerged from every responding explant through direct organogenesis, which proliferated in agar-gelled MS basalmedium supplemented with NAA (0.002 mM) and BA (0.009 mM). Large number of micro corms was produced in the plantlets on transfer to MS liquid medium supplemented with 176 mM sucrose and 0.002 mM NAA using coir as an alternative matrix. The micro corms grew in size under field conditionfor two consecutive seasons for flowering. The identical isozymic, RAPD and ISSR profiles of randomly selected micro corms and corms obtained from the field with respect to mother corm population indicated a near full-proof and cost effective micropropagation protocol of Gladiolu

Altered resistin and IL6 in Neonatal sepsis in patients admitted in a tertiary care teaching hospital at Eastern India

Background: Neonatal sepsis is a clinical syndrome followed by bacteraemia in the first month of life and appears to be one of the primary causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The study aim was to detect the levels of resistin, IL-6, CRP and hs-CRP in clinically suspected cases of neonatal sepsis and establish its association with the pathogenesis of the disease. Materials &amp; Methods: The case control study consists of 78 neonates of whom 42 were clinically suspected case of sepsis admitted in NICU of Paediatric department and were taken as cases and 36 were normal healthy neonates taken as control subjects in a tertiary care teaching hospital, Durgapur, West Bengal. The cases as well as controls were within 28 days of age. Preterm and term neonates (&lt; 28 days of age) of both sexes showing signs of both early and late onset sepsis and also blood culture positive were included in the study. Two ml of blood was collected without anticoagulant and serum was separated by centrifugation at 3500 rpm for 15-20 mins and was used for measurement of hs-CRP, resistin and IL 6. Serum hs-CRP levels was determined with a high-sensitivity nephelometric method while the serum level of IL-6 and Resistin were measured by immunoassay Kits (Raybiotech, USA). Results: Serum resistin levels were increased in sepsis cases as compared to controls and were statistically significant (38.96 ± 17.15 vs 15.49 ± 8.54 ng/ml; p &lt; 0.0001). It was also observed that serum IL 6 levels were higher in sepsis cases as compared to controls which was statistically significant (58.19 ± 39.97 versus 8.48 ± 3.90 pg/ml;&nbsp;P&nbsp;&lt; 0.0001). However, a weak positive correlation was observed between serum resistin with serum IL 6 level (r&nbsp;= 0.343;&nbsp;P = 0.025) among neonatal sepsis subjects while no correlation was seen in controls (r&nbsp;= 0.141;&nbsp;P&nbsp;= 0.411). Conclusion: The measurement of these sepsis markers is extremely important only in case of neonates with unclear infectious status. We have observed a significant rise in Resistin or IL 6 or hs-CRP which may be suggested as specific marker for the identification of neonatal sepsis.&nbsp; The combination of Resistin or IL 6 or CRP or hs-CRP could therefore be crucial for the diagnosis and would be better predictors of neonatal sepsis and may be crucial in the pathogenesis of the disease. Keywords: Preterm neonates, neonatal sepsis, mortality and morbidity, serum resistin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), hs-CR