Adaptive routing protocol for urban vehicular networks to support sellers and buyers on wheels

© 2018 Marketing on wheels is an emerging area of research, where users can buy or sell items using inter vehicular communication and web is not required. For quicker delivery of items, the communication between the vehicles should be faster. In this paper, a routing protocol is proposed for urban vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) to send the messages from the buyer to the seller or vice versa in a minimum time to get faster service. Currently, many routing protocols are proposed for urban environment, which are based on the methods of shortest path, high density, minimum packet forwarding delay, and intermediate junction selection. However, these protocols lack knowledge about the communication gaps generated between the junctions before forwarding the data. In this method, the RSU at the junction calculates a path value for each path to choose the next path. The parameters used for path value calculation are number of network fragments between the junctions, delay to send the data from to other junction, and destination closeness. Then, the path which has a less path value is chosen as the next path. Results show that proposed protocol performs better than the existing city based routing protocols in terms of delay, number of network fragments or gaps encountered, path length, total service time, and packet delivery ratio. At last, the proposed routing protocol is validated by conducting an experiment in a small VANET platform designed in an indoor laboratory environment (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H3UmgI5AAH0)

Software Defined Network Based Fault Detection in Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks

© 2018 IEEE. In recent years, Industrial Wireless Sensor Network (IWSN) is gaining more popularity due to many applications in industries like fire detection, hazardous gas leakage detection, temperature monitoring, localization of sensors, etc. However, faulty sensors in the network may degrade the performance of the applications. In this paper, a software defined network (SDN) based fault detection method is proposed for IWSN. In this method, SDN plays an important role for controlling the whole system by setting a fault detection algorithm at the cluster heads (CHs). The CH periodically receives the monitoring data from the sensors and follows the fault detection algorithm set by the SDN to detect the faulty sensors in the network. The fault detection algorithm uses a statistical trimean method to detect the faulty sensors. Simulation results show that our proposed method performs better than Ji's fault detection method in terms of detection accuracy (DA) and false alarm rate (FAR). A IWSN prototype is also designed to evaluate the performance of the proposed method

Transesterification of Sunflower Oil in Microreactors

KOH catalyzed transesterification of sunflower oil using methanol has been studied in different types of microreactors. All the microreactors consist of a serpentine microchannel etched in a glass chip but have different types of microfluidic junctions (dispersing devices). First microreactor consists of a T-type microfluidic junction. The second microreactor has a dagger-type microfluidic junction. The third microreactor uses a split and recombine micromixer to generate the dispersion. Effects of temperature, flow rate, and feed molar ratio on the conversion of triglyceride (TG) have been studied. In some cases, conversion of TG is not found to change monotonically with change in flow rate. An attempt has been made to explain this seemingly unusual trend, and the explanations are substantiated using the liquid-liquid two-phase flow patterns observed using a high-speed image acquisition system. The results from the experiments conducted in this study indicate that it is possible to get very high TG conversion (> 90%) with residence time less than a minute

Realistic 5.9 GHz DSRC vehicle-to-vehicle wireless communication protocols for cooperative collision warning in underground mining

Industrial vehicle automation is a core component of the building Industry 4.0. The uses of self-driving vehicles, inspection robots, and vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) communications in the mining industry are expected to open significant opportunities for collecting and exchanging data, localization, collision warning, and up-to-date traffic to enhance both the safety of workers and increase the productivity. In this paper, we present a review of the large-scale fading channel at 5.9 GHz in confined areas. Then, the requirements for DSRC receiver performance for VANET applications in an underground mine is calculated. This paper also reports the overall performance evaluation of three existing routing protocols, namely, emergency message dissemination for vehicular environments (EMDV), enhanced multi-hop vehicular broadcast (MHVB), and efficient directional broadcast (EDB) for active safety applications. Finally, a comparative study of these three routing protocols for cooperative collision warning in underground mining galleries was evaluated