Covariate Dependent Markov Models for Analysis of Repeated Binary Outcomes

The covariate dependence in a higher order Markov models is examined. First order Markov models with covariate dependence are discussed and are generalized for higher order. A simple alternative is also proposed. The estimation procedure is discussed for higher order with a number of covariates. The proposed model takes into account the past transitions. Transitions are fitted and are tested in order to examine their influence on the most recent transitions. Applications are illustrated using maternal morbidity during pregnancy. The binary outcome at each visit during pregnancy is observed for each subject and then the covariate dependent Markov models are fitted. The results indicate that the proposed model can be employed for analyzing repeated observations conveniently

Safe drinking water in Punjab - challenges

Safe drinking water in Punjab - challenge

A Study on the Application of Information and Communication Technology in the University Libraries of North-Central Nigeria.

University Libraries Provides the information resources and services to meet the user information requirements, however, ICT has changed the way Information services and Knowledge is delivered especially in the recent dispensation, there is a dearth need for Libraries especially University libraries to apply ICT to their daily routine functions and changed the old method of information delivery to users with the present generations of clienteles been tech servy, the need for ICT based Services, Resources and Products is a Necessity. This study Investigates the application, availability of ICT-based Services, Resources, and Products, the Researchers Employed a structured Interview distributed to the Heads of the Libraries and Personal Observation Individually visiting each of the University Librar

APPLICATION OF WEB 2.0 IN PRIVATE UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES OF NORTHERN NIGERIA USING THE THEORY OF MANNES LIBRARY 2.0.

This paper investigated application of web 2.0 to private university libraries of northern part of Nigeria based on Mannes theory which emphasizes on changing scenario of librarianship with the presence of the web, (10) private university libraries website which are of quality and ICT compliant by Nigerian standard were surveyed to identify the presence of web 2.0 tool application,and the purpose for application. only (4) 40% had applied web 2.0 tool, the most applied web tool was WebOPAC followed by social networking sites, and (1) private university library had applied RSS, no other web tool have been applied. Even with the web 2.0 boom and advantages web 2.0 provides to library professional for interaction the application is still very much low in Nigerian libraries. The study recommends Training of library professionals, provision of ICT infrastructure, restructuring of library school curriculum

Ethno-Medicinal, Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Studies of Euphorbia tirucalli L.

SUMMARYPresent study exposed various claims about the medicinal properties of Euphorbia tirucalli L., used by the indigenous people of Rajasthan to cure rheumatism, Skin disorders, Cough and other ailments. This plant was assessed for ethnopharmacological screenings, phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial screenings which also include anti-HIV activity, so as to validate the efficacy of indigenous herbal medicine. In the present study antimicrobial activity of the crude alcoholic extracts of leaf and stem of E. tirucalli against the known enteric pathogens was carried out. Anti-HIV screening activity was carried out using HIV Protease colorimetric Assay.  Low MIC exhibited by the extract against S. aureus is of great significance in the healthcare delivery system, since it could be used as an alternative to orthodox antibiotics in the treatment of infections caused by these microbes, especially as they frequently developing resistance to known antibiotics. Key words: Alkaloids, Triterpenes, Antimicrobial activity, anti-Carcinogenic, Anti-HIV Bhuvaneshwar Upadhyay et al. Ethno-Medicinal, Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Studies of Euphorbia tirucalli L.  J. Phytol 2/4 (2010) 65-77

Pharmacognostical and Antibacterial Studies of Different Extracts of Euphorbia hirta L.

SUMMARYLeaves of Euphorbia hirta, traditionally practiced in the treatments of boils, dysentery, enteritis and various skin conditions, were extracted by soxhlet extraction in various extraction mediums. The disc diffusion method was used to determine the antibacterial activity against many Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria (Standard strains and clinical isolates). Antibacterial sensitivity test indicated that the methanolic extract inhibited the growth of S. aureus, E. coli, and B. subtilis to varying extents while K. pneumonia was the most resistive strain to these extracts. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), of the extract against E. coli, S aureus, and S. entertidis were in the range of 0.1mg/ml. Phytochemical analysis indicates presence of terpenes, tannins, alkaloids and flavonoids which might be accountable for its antimicrobial properties, and these results validate the traditional uses of the plant in the treatment of various diseases.Bhuvaneshwar Upadhyay et al. Pharmacognostical and Antibacterial Studies of Leaf Extracts of Euphorbia hirta L. J Phytol 2/6 (2010) 55-6

H-1 NMR study of internal motions and quantum rotational tunneling in (CH3)(4)NGeCl3

(CH3)(4)NGeCl3 is prepared, characterized and studied using H-1 NMR spin lattice relaxation time and second moment to understand the internal motions and quantum rotational tunneling. Proton second moment is measured at 7 MHz as function of temperature in the range 300-77 K and spin lattice relaxation time (T-1) is measured at two Larmor frequencies, as a function of temperature in the range 270-17 K employing a homemade wide-line/pulsed NMR spectrometers. T-1 data are analyzed in two temperature regions using relevant theoretical models. The relaxation in the higher temperatures (270-115 K) is attributed to the hindered reorientations of symmetric groups (CH3 and (CH3)(4)N). Broad asymmetric T-1 minima observed below 115 K down to 17 K are attributed to quantum rotational tunneling of the inequivalent methyl groups. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd