The Effects of Galaxy Shape and Rotation on the X-ray Haloes of Early-Type Galaxies

We present a detailed diagnostic study of the observed temperatures of the hot X-ray coronae of early-type galaxies. By extending the investigation carried out in Pellegrini (2011) with spherical models, we focus on the dependence of the energy budget and temperature of the hot gas on the galaxy structure and internal stellar kinematics. By solving the Jeans equations we construct realistic axisymmetric three-component galaxy models (stars, dark matter halo, central black hole) with different degrees of flattening and rotational support. The kinematical fields are projected along different lines of sight, and the aperture velocity dispersion is computed within a fraction of the circularized effective radius. The model parameters are chosen so that the models resemble real ETGs and lie on the Faber-Jackson and Size-Luminosity relations. For these models we compute T_* (the stellar heating contribution to the gas injection temperature) and T_gm (the temperature equivalent of the energy required for the gas escape). In particular, different degrees of thermalisation of the ordered rotational field of the galaxy are considered. We find that T_* and T_gm can vary only mildly due to a pure change of shape. Galaxy rotation instead, when not thermalised, can lead to a large decrease of T_*; this effect can be larger in flatter galaxies that can be more rotationally supported. Recent temperature measurements T_x, obtained with Chandra, are larger than, but close to, the T_* values of the models, and show a possible trend for a lower T_x in flatter and more rotationally supported galaxies; this trend can be explained by the lack of thermalisation of the whole stellar kinetic energy. Flat and rotating galaxies also show lower L_x values, and then a lower gas content, but this is unlikely to be due to the small variation of T_gm found here for them.Comment: 16 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA

The "Canone Inverso": when tobacco was not so bad. A Look Back at the Primordial Debate on the tobacco effects in the Occupational Medicine

AIM: The article provides an overview on the beginning and evolutions of medical observations on tobacco induced diseases between Eighteenth and Nineteenth century. METHODS: By searching for historical medical literature, first studies on tobacco-induced diseases focused on production risks rather than on adverse effects that the use of tobacco has for the human health. RESULTS: The approach induced first eighteenth-century authors to define this substance as a non-pathogenic and, consequently, not to consider tobacco factories dangerous for health workers. In those years, tobacco was employed in therapy as a stimulant treatment and it was considered harmless and even healthy and preventive of several acute diseases. CONCLUSIONS: Authors will show that studies on pathogenic effects of smoking will only start around late nineteenth century, when the idea of the healthiness of tobacco industry was already supported

Saturated fusion systems with parabolic families

Let G be group; a finite p-subgroup S of G is a Sylow p-subgroup if every finite p-subgroup of G is conjugate to a subgroup of S. In this paper, we examine the relations between the fusion system over S which is given by conjugation in G and a certain chamber system C, on which G acts chamber transitively with chamber stabilizer N_G(S). Next, we introduce the notion of a fusion system with a parabolic family and we show that a chamber system can be associated to such a fusion system. We determine some conditions the chamber system has to fulfill in order to assure the saturation of the underlying fusion system. We give an application to fusion systems with parabolic families of classical type.Comment: 28 page

Modern Narcissus: the lingering reflections of myth in modern art

Why has myth continued to fascinate modern artists, and why the myth of Narcissus, with its modern association with narcissism? This article considers the relationship between the Narcissus myth and the lineage of modern art that runs from Symbolism to surrealism through the polymorphous prism of the Greco-Roman Pantheon to which Narcissus belongs. The article offers an interpretation of the role of mythology in modern art that moves beyond psychoanalysis to incorporate the longer span of the art-historical tradition. Addressing issues of aesthetics, gender and sexuality, the following account highlights Narcissus‟s double nature as an erotic myth that comprises both identity formation and intersubjectivity, as enacted in the field of representation. The myths associated with Narcissus in the history of Western art will help us reconsider his role as a powerful figure capable to activate that slippage between word and image, identity and sociability, representation and reality which was celebrated by the Symbolists and formed the centre of the surrealists‟ social-aesthetic project

Indirect CP violation results and HFAG averages

The current status of the search for indirect CP violation in the neutral D meson system at the B-factories and at LHCb is reported. The indirect CP asymmetry search is performed by the measurement of the proper-time asymmetry ($A_{\Gamma}$) in decays of $D^0-\bar{D^0}$ mesons to CP eigenstates, $K^-K^+$ and $\pi^- \pi^+$, and by $y_{CP}$, the ratio between the effective lifetime measured in decay to a CP eigenstate and that to the mixed eigenstate $K \pi$. All results are consistent with the no CP violation hypothesis. The latest world averages for mixing and CP asymmetry in the charm sector evaluated by the Heavy Flavour Averaging Group are presented. The no mixing hypothesis is excluded at more than 12 standard deviations. The search for direct and indirect CP violation in the charm sector is consistent with no CP violation at 2.0% confident level.Comment: to appear in the proceedings of The 6th International Workshop on Charm Physics (CHARM 2013