57,258 research outputs found
Carbohydrate intake and ketosis in self-sufficient multi-stage ultramarathon runners
Ultra-endurance athletes accumulate an energy deficit throughout their events and those competing in self-sufficient multi-stage races are particularly vulnerable due to load carriage considerations. Whilst urinary ketones have previously been noted in ultra-endurance exercise and attributed to insufficient carbohydrate (CHO) availability, not all studies have reported concomitant CHO intake. Our aim was to determine changes in blood glucose and ÎČ-hydroxybutyrate concentrations over five days (240 km) of a self-sufficient multi-stage ultramarathon in combination with quantification of energy and macronutrient intakes, estimated energy expenditure and evaluation of energy balance. Thirteen runners (8 male, 5 female, mean age 40 ± 8 years) participated in the study. Glucose and ÎČ-hydroxybutyrate were measured every day immediately post-running, and food diaries completed daily. CHO intakes of 301 ± 106 g·dayâ1 (4.3 ± 1.8 g·kgâ1·dayâ1) were not sufficient to avoid ketosis (5-day mean ÎČ-hydroxybutyrate: 1.1 ± 0.6 mmol.Lâ1). Furthermore, ketosis was not attenuated even when CHO intake was high (9 g·kgâ1·dayâ1). This suggests that competing in a state of ketosis may be inevitable during multi-stage events where load reduction is prioritised over energy provisions. Attenuating negative impacts associated with such a metabolic shift in athletes unaccustomed to CHO and energy restriction requires further exploration
Electric properties of the baryon anti-decuplet in the SU(3) chiral quark-soliton model
We investigate the electric form factors and charge radii of the pentaquark
baryons within the framework of the chiral quark-soliton model. We consider the
rotational and linear corrections, assuming isospin symmetry and
employing the symmetry-conserving quantization. The flavor-decomposed charge
densities of the are presented. The electric form factors and charge
radii of the charged pentaquark baryons turn out to be very similar to those of
the corresponding octet baryons. The charge radii of the neutral pentaquark
baryons are obtained to be very tiny and positive. The strange electric form
factor of the pentaquark proton is shown to be larger than the corresponding
one of the proton by around 20%. We also present the charge radii of the baryon
decuplet for comparison.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figure
Development of 15 nuclear microsatellite markers in Deuterocohnia (Pitcairnioideae; Bromeliaceae) using 454 pyrosequencing
Using mixed methods for analysing culture : The Cultural Capital and Social Exclusion project
This paper discusses the use of material generated in a mixed method investigation into cultural tastes and practices, conducted in Britain from 2003 to 2006, which employed a survey, focus groups and household interviews. The study analysed the patterning of cultural life across a number of fields, enhancing the empirical and methodological template provided by Bourdieuâs Distinction. Here we discuss criticisms of Bourdieu emerging from subsequent studies of class, culture and taste, outline the arguments related to the use of mixed methods and present illustrative results from the analysis of these different types of data. We discuss how the combination of quantitative and qualitative methods informed our analysis of cultural life in contemporary Britain. No single method was able to shed light on all aspects of our inquiry, lending support to the view that mixing methods is the most productive strategy for the investigation of complex social phenomena
On fault-tolerance with noisy and slow measurements
It is not so well-known that measurement-free quantum error correction
protocols can be designed to achieve fault-tolerant quantum computing. Despite
the potential advantages of using such protocols in terms of the relaxation of
accuracy, speed and addressing requirements on the measurement process, they
have usually been overlooked because they are expected to yield a very bad
threshold as compared to error correction protocols which use measurements.
Here we show that this is not the case. We design fault-tolerant circuits for
the 9 qubit Bacon-Shor code and find a threshold for gates and preparation of
(30% of the best known result for the
same code using measurement based error correction) while admitting up to 1/3
error rates for measurements and allocating no constraints on measurement
speed. We further show that demanding gate error rates sufficiently below the
threshold one can improve the preparation threshold to .
We also show how these techniques can be adapted to other
Calderbank-Shor-Steane codes.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures. v3 has an extended exposition and several
simplifications that provide for an improved threshold value and resource
overhea
Growth of seven perennial plant species adapted to the Brazilian Semi-Arid.
Growth of seven perennial plant species adapted to the Brazilian Semi-Arid. Abstract - Measuring plant height (y) and canopy diameter (x) in trees may not be an easy task, but stem diameter (z) can be more easily evaluated. This work's objective was two-fold: evaluate the growth of species adapted to the Brazilian Semi-Arid Region in the first two years of age, and obtain linear equations to estimate y and x from z, in those species. A random block design with four replications was employed. The values for x, z, and y were measured biannually from October/2003 to March/2005. Prosopis juliflora and Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia showed the highest stem diameter and plant height values, respectively, and both showed the highest canopy diameter. In the equations to estimate plant height from the stem diameter the value of the coefficient of determination (R2) ranged from 0.76 (Tamarindus indica and Leucaena leucocephala) to 0.92 (Prosopis juliflora and Azadirachta indica). In the equations that allowed to estimate the crown diameter from the stem diameter the R2 value ranged from 0.70 (Leucaena leucocephala) to 0.92 (Azadirachta indica). Crescimento de sete espĂ©cies vegetais perenes adaptadas ao Semi-Ărido brasileiro. Resumo - A mensuração da altura da planta (y) e do diĂąmetro da copa (x) em ĂĄrvores pode nĂŁo ser tarefa fĂĄcil, mas o diĂąmetro do caule (z) pode ser avaliado mais facilmente. Este trabalho teve por objetivos avaliar o crescimento de espĂ©cies adaptadas ao Semi-Ărido brasileiro, nos primeiros dois anos de idade, e obter equaçÔes lineares para estimar y e x a partir de z, nessas espĂ©cies. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetiçÔes. Os valores de x, z e y foram medidos semestralmente de outubro/2003 a março/2005. Prosopis juliflora e Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia apresentaram os maiores diĂąmetros do caule e altura da planta, respectivamente, e ambas apresentaram o maior diĂąmetro da copa. Nas equaçÔes para estimar a altura da planta a partir do diĂąmetro do caule, o valor do coeficiente de determinação (R2) variou de 0,76 (Tamarindus indica and Leucaena leucocephala) a 0,92 (Prosopis juliflora and Azadirachta indica). Nas equaçÔes que permitiram estimar o diĂąmetro da copa a partir do diĂąmetro do caule, o valor de R2 variou de 0,70 (Leucaena leucocephala) a 0,92 (Azadirachta indica)
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