Optical focusing in scattering media with photoacoustic wavefront shaping (PAWS)

Controllable light delivery to the region of interest is essential to biomedical optical imaging methods like photoacoustic microscopy. It is, however, challenging beyond superficial depths in biological tissue (~1 mm beneath human skin) due to the strong scattering of light that scrambles the photon propagation paths. Recently, optical wavefront shaping has been proposed to modulate the incident light wavefront to compensate for the scattering-induced phase distortions, and consequentially, convey light optimally to a desired location behind or inside turbid media. To reach an optimum wavefront, a searching algorithm is usually required to optimize a feedback signal. In this work, we present our latest explorations, which use photoacoustic signals as the feedback to remotely and non-invasively guide the wavefront shaping process. Our method does not require direct optical access to the target region or the invasive embedding of fluorescence probes inside turbid media. Experimentally, we have demonstrated that diffuse light can be converged to the ultrasound focus by maximizing the amplitude of photoacoustic emissions from the intended absorbing site. Moreover, we show that wavefront-shaped light focusing can enhance existing optical imaging modalities like photoacoustic microscopy, in regard to signal-to-noise ratio, imaging depth, and potentially, resolution

Closed-loop control of complex networks : A trade-off between time and energy

W. L. is supported by the National Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Grants No. 11322111 and No. 61773125). Y.-Z. S. is supported by the NSFC (Grant No. 61403393). Y.-C. L. acknowledges support from the Vannevar Bush Faculty Fellowship program sponsored by the Basic Research Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering and funded by the Office of Naval Research through Grant No. N00014-16-1-2828. Y.-Z. S. and S.-Y. L. contributed equally to this work.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Optimization and resilience of complex supply-demand networks

Acknowledgments This work was supported by NSF under Grant No. 1441352. SPZ and ZGH were supported by NSF of China under Grants No. 11135001 and No. 11275003. ZGH thanks Prof Liang Huang and Xin-Jian Xu for helpful discussions.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

对不典型心肌梗死误诊的临床分析

Objective:to analyse the reason of misdiagnosis of atypical myocardial infarction.Methods: To analyze 12 cases by combining with typical cases. Results:12 cases were misdiagnosed as stomach problem,bronchial asthma,micturition syncope,cor pulmonale right heart failure,diabetic coma,acute cholecystitis,intercostals neuralgia,arrhythmia,etc.Conclusion: The misdiagnosis is mainly due to the clinician’s less experience, insufficient attention to patients, stop-gap measures, narrow mind of clinical diagnosis, lack of understanding of atypical myocardial infarction, subjective diagnoses, lack of understanding myocardial infarction in the elderly, variability,lack of routine dynamic monitoring examination of electrocardiogram and serum myocardial enzyme. 目的 分析不典型心肌梗死的误诊原因。方法 结合典型病例，对12例患者进行分析。结果 12例患者分别误诊为：胃病、支气管哮喘、排尿性晕厥、肺心病右心衰、糖尿病昏迷、急性胆囊炎、肋间神经痛、心律失常等。结论 误诊原因主要是临床医师经验少，对患者不够重视，以症为病，临床诊断思路狭隘，缺乏对不典型心肌梗死的认识，主观看病诊断，缺少对老年心肌梗死多变性的认识，对常规心电图、血清心肌酶检查缺乏动态监测。