Effects of Medium Shape, Fertilization Methods and Plant Density on the Growth of Pansy Grown in Medium Hardened by Heat Fusion Polyester Fiber without Polyethylene Pot

To develop bedding plant production system without polyethylene pots (PP), problems that may be encountered with compacted medium hardened by heat fusion polyester fiber were investigated. Effects of medium shape, fertilization methods and plant density on the growth of pansy in medium without PP were investigated. To improve water usage on compacted medium, a watering space (6×6×depth 3cm) was made on the upper part of the compacted medium (9×9×depth 9cm). In the early stages of the experiment the amount of water supplied per pot (weight after irrigation-weight before irrigation) of medium with water space was 10–25% greater than that of medium without a water space. However, from the mid to late stages of the experiment, the difference gradually declined. The amount of water supplied per pot was similar between with and without water space especially on cloudy or rainy days. The growth of pansies on medium without PP was remarkably greater with water space than without water space. On 10g/liter basal fertilizer treatment, pansies had severe symptoms of fertilizer damage. The growth of pansy on 10g/liter basal fertilizer was inhibited compared to that of 5g/liter basal fertilizer. Spacing treatment was conducted whenever plant density was half. Height of pansy grown with spacing treatment was significantly lower than that without spacing treatment. PP had no effects on growth when pansy was grown without spacing treatment. However, when pansy was grown with spacing treatment, pansy grown without PP had significantly greater growth than with PP. Algal growth on the medium increased with increasing irrigation rate or nutrient rate. Combination of spacing treatment and medium without PP decreased the rate of algal growth on medium.固化培地を利用したポリポットを用いないポットレス栽培において，潅水効率の上昇，施肥の簡易化，藻の発生抑制のため，培地の形状，施肥方法および栽植密度がパンジーの生育に及ぼす影響について検討した．9㎝角のポット型培地に6×6×深さ3㎝のくぼみ（ウォータースペース）を培地上部に作成すると，栽培前期の水供給量（灌水後の重量―灌水前の重量）が約10～25% に多くなった．しかし，栽培中期から後期にかけてはその違いは次第に小さくなり，特に曇雨天時には水供給量に差はみられなくなった．ウォータースペースの有無にかかわらず，ポリポットがあると生育に違いは認めらなかったが，ポットレス区ではウォータースペースによって生育が改善された．元肥量10ｇ/liter 区では生育初期に高濃度障害と思われる症状が見られ，5ｇ/liter 区より生育が抑制された．栽植密度を半分にしたスペーシングによって，草丈はかなり抑制された．スペーシングなしの場合にはポットの有無による差は小さかったが，ポットレス栽培の生育がスペーシング栽培でかなり改善された．ポットレス・スペーシング有・灌水量120ml区の生育が最も旺盛であった．養分量が多いほど灌水量が多いほど，藻の発生が大であったが，スペーシングとポットレスを組み合わせると藻の発生が改善された

Clinicopathological Study of Anal Canal Cancer

On the basis of a result of clinical experience with the treatment for patients with anal canal cancer, a clinicopathological study of anal canal cancer was performed in comparison with that of colon cancer. Anal canal cancer has a complex histologic types and a tendency toward deep invasion outside the adventitia when compared with colon cancer. Therefore, nodal involvement was in proportion to the depth of cancer infiltration. As a result, the survival time had become worst in patients with Dukes C of anal canal cancer. The anal canal has been defined that as a canal from the level of the attachment of puborectal muscle to the anal verge. It is mainly covered with smooth striated squamous epithelia except for the upper portion which is covered with specialized columnar epithelia, lasting to the rectal epithelium. The structure of the anal canal is complex with the composition of ecto-and endodermal tissues. Anal canal cancer is particular in gross appearance, histologic types and the modes of cancer extension in comparison with rectal cancer. This study defined the clinicopathological specificity of anal canal cancer on the basis of our clinical experience

Photoelectrochemical reduction of CO2 using a TiO2 photoanode and a gas diffusion electrode modified with a metal phthalocyanine catalyst

The mass transport limitations encountered in classical H-cells for electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) have spurred research in gas diffusion electrode (GDE) systems. However, current reports on CO2RR required large biases (anode potential vs. cathode potential > -2.0 V) for high current efficiencies. In this work, we combined a TiO2 photoanode and a GDE modified with a Co, Ni or Sn metal phthalocyanine (MPc) catalyst to reduce the external bias requirement for CO2RR. We found the Faradaic efficiencies and the selectivity of the photoelectrolysis products were influenced by (i) the metal cation (Ni, Co or Sn) coordinated to the phthalocyanine, (ii) the electrolyte temperature and concentration and (iii) the magnitude of the applied bias. In addition, analyzes of the voltage distributions between the TiO2 photoanode and the MPc-GDE revealed the current efficiency of the TiO2/MPc-GDE cell was limited predominantly by a high ohmic polarization loss at the TiO2 photoanode due to an excessive thickness of the TiO2 layer. The cathodic process at the MPc-GDE was governed by the activation energy of the electrode. The thickness of the TiO2 photoanode was subsequently optimized for higher current efficiency. The highest Faradaic efficiency for PEC CO2RR was obtained when a NiPc catalyst was utilized as the CO2RR catalyst and the optimum cell conditions were as follows: (i) a GDE electrolyte temperature of 1 M aq. Na2SO4 electrolyte solution and (iii) a TiO2 oxidation time of 3 h. Using these optimized cell conditions and under UV illumination, the as-prepared TiO2/NiPc-GDE cell shows a notably high CO2RR Faradaic efficiency and selectivity for CO (at 98%) and at a lowest reported cell bias of 0.8 V (anode potential vs cathode potential). This work provides an improved understanding of the cell designs of a vapor-fed CO2RR reactor based on a TiO2/MPc-GDE photoelectrochemical system

Surgery for Perforation Complicating Colon Cancers

Eleven patients with perforation complicating colon cancers were clinically analyzed with respect to perforation sites and surgical outcome. In general, perforations complicating colon cancers are divided into two categor ies, free perforation and penetration with abscess or fistula formation. It is emphasized that surgical outcome for free perforation is unsatisfactory. Therefore, two-stage operation is recommended and the aim of the treatment should be first concentrated on peritonitis. In conclusion, complete resection of carcinoma is necessary in obtaining a satisfactory result

Free Perforation in Crohn\u27s Disease

Rare complication of free perforation in Crohn\u27s disease was clinically reviewed on the basis of surgical experiences with Crohn\u27s diseases. 1) Free perforation occurred in younger patients with steroid therapy. 2) There are no close correlation with the time duration of the disease affection. 3) The fortuitous locations of free perforation were the ileum and the ascending colon with multiple perforations. 4) One expired with postoperative sepsis on 55 days after surgery because of delay in diagnosis and treatment, although the other one was very well one year and one month following surgery. It was emphaseized that physicians should be aware of rare complication of free perforation in the follow-up of younger patients with Crohn\u27 disease in the use of steroid

Surgical Treatment for Liver Cyst

We assess surgical treatment for seven patients with hepatic cyst on the basis of our clinical experience. It is emphasized to infer that surgical treatment is necessary for carcinoma arising from a cyst or suspcious one. It is also recommended that incidentally detected cysts should be treated with ethanol infusion under direct vision, if necessary, by using echoguided method. The operation method of deroofing except for complete resection is not necessarily guaranteed for large sized cysts

Effect of Combination of Overhead Irrigation and Subirrigation on the Growth of Bedding Plants Grown in Polyester Fiber Medium Hardened by Heat Fusion, without use of Polyethylene Pots

The effects of irrigation methods on several bedding plants without polyethylene pots using compacted polyester fiber medium hardened by heat fusion were investigated. The characteristics of overhead irrigation with a tray collecting runoff water (combination of overhead irrigation and subirrigation) were investigated at the same time. Irrigation usage (the amount of water supplied per pot / amount of irrigation water) with a combination of overhead irrigation and subirrigation was improved compared to overhead irrigation alone. The growth of garden type Cyclamen grown under a combination of both overhead irrigation and subirrigation was significantly greater than that grown in either wick irrigation, ebb & flow irrigation or overhead irrigation. Notably, smaller growth was achiered in garden type cyclamen grown with overhead irrigation. The growth of Vinca grown in a combination of overhead irrigation and subirrigation was significantly greater than that grown with overhead irrigation alone. The irrigation amount had no effect on the growth of Vinca regardless of irrigation method. The growth of Petunia was greater with increased amounts of irrigation water. However, the growth of Pansy grown under overhead irrigation was significantly greater than that grown in a combination of overhead irrigation and subirrigation. These results suggest that a combination of overhead irrigation and subirrigation method in bedding plant production without polyethylene pots is generally suitable since the plants grow without drought stress. However, it may be suggested that the amount of irrigation water should be as low as possible in the winter season or with sensitive species in order to prevent waterlogging injury.熱融着性ポリエステル繊維固化培地を利用したポットレス花壇苗生産における灌水方法として，水受けトレイを用いた頭上灌水（頭上底面灌水）の実用性を検討した．頭上灌水と比較して頭上底面灌水では灌水効率（培地に吸収された灌水量／灌水量）が大幅に改善できた．ガーデンシクラメンの生育は頭上底面灌水区で最もよく，次いでひも灌水，底面灌水の順であり，頭上灌水区で最も生育が抑制された．ニチニチソウでは頭上灌水より頭上底面灌水区で生育が改善されたが，灌水量には差はほとんどみられなかった．ペチュニアでは灌水量が多いほど，専用トレイに溜める水量が多いほど生育が旺盛になった．しかし，パンジーでは頭上底面灌水によって生育が抑制された．ポットレス花壇苗生産では頭上底面灌水が最も適切であったが，蒸発散の少ない冬期や過湿に弱い種においては灌水量をできるだけ少なくすべきと考えられた

Comparative Study of Complications in CV Catheter Insertion for Pediatric Patients: Real-time Ultrasound-guided Versus Venography-guided Approach

[Background]Tunneled central venous catheters (CVC), called Broviac/Hickman catheter, are widely used in the long-term treatment of pediatric patients. Recently, the percutaneous approach for CVC insertion has become dominant as a less invasive intervention. In this study, we reviewed the mechanical and delayed complications according to different procedures of CVC insertion and assessed the risk factors for complications in CVC insertions for pediatric patients. [Methods]A total of 159 pediatric patients (85 males and 74 females) were included in this study. Primary reasons for indication of CVC settlement were hemato-oncologic disorders (66 cases, 42%), malignant solid tumors (30, 19%) and other benign diseases (63, 40%). CVC insertion was performed with surgical venous cutdown (CD) in 51 patients (32%), with real-time ultrasound-guided puncture (RTUS) in 57 (36%), and venography-guided puncture (VG) in 49 (31%). [Results]CD was dominantly selected and the frequency of venipuncture increased respective to the increased age of patients. RTUS was dominantly selected for one to four year old patients and VG was dominant in 5 to 15 year old patients. Some types of mechanical complication were observed in 4 of 159 (2.5%) and some delayed types were observed in 66 of 159 cases (42%). No mechanical complications occurred in cases with CD and RTUS; on the other hand, 3 (6%) of 49 insertions with VG were observed. However, we could not show any significant risk factors for the mechanical complications. In the meantime, delayed complications and premature removal were significantly observed in patients under 5 years old. [Conclusion]RTUS is superior to our conventional VG considering less frequent mechanical complications. High frequent delayed complication and premature removal should be considered, especially for patients under 5 years old

Nuclear DNA Analysis in Hepatocelular Carcinoma in Comparison with Clinicopathologic Factors

Nuclear DNA patterns were analyzed in the 33 patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma on the basis of clinicopathologic standpoint. It is concluded that biologic behavior of hepatocellular cancer cells in patients with DNA aneuploidy pattern displayed highly malignant potential, indicating severe atypism, rapid growth of rupturing, the presence of cancer invasion into the wall of portal vein and distant metastasis. Furthermore, the survival time in patients with DNA aneuploidy pattern in hepatocellular carcinoma was shorter than that in patients with diploidy one

Clinical Value of Flow Cytometric DNA analysis in colorectal cancers

The distribution of DNA in colon cancers and its relationship to factors related to clinical features of cancer invasion and noncurative operation are evaluated by using paraffin-embedded specimens. The survival in patients with DNA diploid tumor is apparently much more satisfactory than that in patients with aneuploid tumor in stage B and C patients in accordance with advances in the disease stage. The deeper the depth of cancer invasion reaches, the more the number of DNA aneuploid tumor increased in the distribution. Non-curative operation was more frequently made in patients with DNA aneuploid tumor rather than in patients with DNA diploid one. In conclusion, analysis of the distribution of DNA contributes to assessment of the prognosis of colorectal carcinoma in combination with conventional prognostic parameter of clinicopathologic variables