ラット糖尿病性腎症モデルにおけるマトリックスメタロプロテアーゼ-2および膜型マトリックスメタロプロテアーゼ-1の発現

取得学位 : 博士（医学）, 学位授与番号 : 医博甲第1417号，学位授与年月日：平成12年3月31日,学位授与年：200

Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for Early Diagnosis of Viral Infection

Viral reactivation is one of the most serious complications for immunocompromised patients. Under immunosuppressive conditions, some viruses can be reactivated solely or simultaneously and may thus cause life-threatening infection. Therefore, the prompt and proper diagnosis of viral reactivation is important for the initiation of preemptive therapy. For this purpose, we recently developed a multiplex-virus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. The multiplex PCR assay is designed to qualitatively measure the genomic DNA of 12 viruses at once: cytomegalovirus (CMV), human herpesvirus type 6 (HHV-6), HHV-7, HHV-8, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), BK virus (BKV), JC virus (JCV), parvovirus B19 (ParvoB19), herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), HSV-2, and hepatitis B virus (HBV). When a specific PCR signal is obtained, the viral load is determined by a quantitative real-time PCR. The qualitative multiplex and quantitative real-time PCR procedures take only 3 hours to complete. With this assay system, we can identify viremia at the early stage and thereby prevent it from progressing to overt and symptomatic viral infection in immunocompromised patients, such as those receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Role of PAF Receptor in Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression in the Dorsal Root Ganglion and Tactile Allodynia in a Rodent Model of Neuropathic Pain

BACKGROUND: Neuropathic pain is a highly debilitating chronic pain following damage to peripheral sensory neurons and is often resistant to all treatments currently available, including opioids. We have previously shown that peripheral nerve injury induces activation of cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) in injured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons that contribute to tactile allodynia, a hallmark of neuropathic pain. However, lipid mediators downstream of cPLA(2) activation to produce tactile allodynia remain to be determined. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here we provide evidence that platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a potential candidate. Pharmacological blockade of PAF receptors (PAFRs) reduced the development and expression of tactile allodynia following nerve injury. The expression of PAFR mRNA was increased in the DRG ipsilateral to nerve injury, which was seen mainly in macrophages. Furthermore, mice lacking PAFRs showed a reduction of nerve injury-induced tactile allodynia and, interestingly, a marked suppression of upregulation of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) expression in the injured DRG, crucial proinflammatory cytokines involved in pain hypersensitivity. Conversely, a single injection of PAF near the DRG of naïve rats caused a decrease in the paw withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimulation in a dose-dependent manner and an increase in the expression of mRNAs for TNFalpha and IL-1beta, both of which were inhibited by pretreatment with a PAFR antagonist. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that the PAF/PAFR system has an important role in production of TNFalpha and IL-1beta in the DRG and tactile allodynia following peripheral nerve injury and suggest that blocking PAFRs may be a viable therapeutic strategy for treating neuropathic pain

Extension the Common Factor Space to New Variables or Variables included in Parcels: A Comparison among Estimates by Factor Score Method and Gorsuch\u27s Method

Two kinds of extension factor analysis method were applied to the forty four items on the conceptions of learning activities in university. To confirm the four factors proposed by Miho (2011) and Miho & Shimizu (2011), a new exploratory factor analysis was conducted for the parceled eight variables constructed from these items. Factor patterns calculated by Gorsuch’s method and factor score method were compared with original factor patterns by Miho & Shimizu (2011). The estimates by Gorsuch’s method were more similar to the original numerics. Results were discussed with particular reference to the common factor space

Modeling for Change by Latent Difference Score Model: Adapting Process of the Student of Freshman at Half Year Intervals

The purpose of this paper is to present the longitudinal research examining the changing process of “the view of learning in the university” of university freshman students on two occasions. Two-hundred and thirty seven students completed the four sub-scales on the view of learning and the four sub-scales on the reasons for entering the university when they entered university. They also corresponded to the same sub-scales at the half year later. To measure the individual differences on “the view of learning in theuniversity,” the latent difference score model by structural equation modeling was conducted. The model on the relationships among the levels and the means of difference scores for the factors of four aspects on the view of learning indicated adequate fit for the longitudinal data. A path analysis model was used for the factor scores estimated for this measurement model and the four sub-scales on the reasons for entering the university to analyze the relationships between the reasons for entering the university and the view of learning. The findings of these analyses were discussed with particular reference to the issues of transition from high school to university.　本論文の目的は，大学1 年生における「大学での学習観」の2つの機会での変化過程について，縦断的研究から検討することである。237名の学生が，大学入学時に学習観の4 下位尺度と大学進学理由の4下位尺度に回答し，半年後に全く同一の下位尺度に回答した。「大学での学習観」の個人差について測定するため，構造方程式モデリングによる潜在差得点モデルを行った。この学習観の4 側面のレベルと差得点因子の平均間の関係についてのモデルは，この縦断データに十分適合していた。進学理由と学習観の関係について検討するため，この測定モデルについて推定した因子得点と大学進学理由の4 尺度のパス解析を行った。高校から大学への移行に関係する問題と関連させて，これらの分析結果について議論した

Clinical impact of albuminuria in diabetic nephropathy

金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系Patients suffering from diabetic nephropathy, resulting in end-stage renal failure, are increasing in number. The pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy remains to be fully investigated. In the clinical setting, the presence of albuminuria/overt proteinuria and a low glomerular filtration rate may predict poor renal prognosis, but the prognosis of the normoalbuminuric renally insufficient diabetic patient remains controversial. In addition to the measurement of urinary albumin excretion, biomarker studies to detect diabetic nephropathy more specifically at the early stage have been performed worldwide. There is a growing body of evidence for remission and/or regression of diabetic nephropathy, which may be an indicator for cardiovascular and renal risk reduction. Deeper insights into the pathological characteristics as well as the clinical impact of albuminuria on renal and cardiovascular outcome are required. © 2011 Japanese Society of Nephrology

Relationships among curricular and extra-curricular activities and fundamental competencies for working persons

Two kinds of data analysis methods were applied to the retrospective survey data collected by Morita, Shimizu, and Funaba (2012) to determine which university education programs and activities influence the　alumni’s job performance. The result by correspondence analysis among university programs and activities　and the fundamental competencies for working persons defined by the Japanese Ministry of Economy,　Trade and Industry (2007) indicated the following four clusters: (1) seminar and one’s ability to deliver　opinions clearly, to analyze the status quo, and to clarify issues; (2) curriculum and one’s foreign language　ability; (3) extra-curricular activities and one’s ability to listen carefully to others’ opinions and to influence and involve others; and (4) one’s activities outside university and the ability to create new values. The causal relationships among the actual degrees of curricular and extra-curricular activities in university, the utility of such activities in university life, and the three factors extracted from the responses to the questions of the fundamental competencies were also analyzed by the path analysis method. Activities outside university affected most significantly the alumni’s ability to solve issues, while a few activitiesrelated to university life affected their ability to collaborate with various people and to manage stress. The methodological issues with the alumni survey were also discussed along with the implications of these findings.大学における教育プログラムと活動が，卒業生の仕事の遂行に与える影響について明らかにするために，森田・清水・船場（2011）によって収集された回想的調査データに2 種類の分析方法論を適用した。経済産業省（2007）によって定義された社会人基礎力と大学におけるプログラム，活動の関係についての対応分析による結果から，以下の4クラスタが得られた：⑴ゼミと自分の意見を分かりやすく伝える力，現状を分析し課題を明らかにする力，⑵講義と語学力，⑶正課外活動と相手の意見を丁寧に聴く力，他人に働きかけ巻き込む力，そして，⑷学外での活動と新しい価値を生み出す力，である。大学の正課・正課外活動，大学生活における幾つかの活動の有用性，そして基礎能力についての質問項目から抽出された3つの因子の因果関係について，パス解析による分析を行った。学外での活動は，課題解決力に対して最も有意に影響していた。大学生活における少数の活動が対人関係力，ストレス耐性力に影響していた。卒業生調査における方法論的問題とこれらの知見について考察を行った

Dimensionality of Vitality: Reliability and Validity

This study revised vitality scale (VS) and examined its reliability and validity with 510 undergraduates. Exploratory factor analysis of thirty-six items and confirrmed factor analysis of eighteen parceled variables revealed the VS consisted of six factors: Vigor, flexibility, social withdrawal, activeness, mental toughness, and positiveness. Six subscales for these factors had sufficient internal consistency (α = .650 ‒ .917). To examine the validity of the VS, self-esteem scale and authenticity scale were modeled into the measurement model of these six factors. Significant path coefficients from self-esteem and authenticity to six factors were estimated. Its construct and concurrent validity was demonstrated in terms of the relationships with self-esteem and authenticity