<Note>A Microcomputer System with an Analogue/Digital Converter for Cytophotometry

この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました。A computer program was designed for processing voltages which were generated in a photomultiplier attached to a microscope. The light intensities passed through sample specimens, i, e. votage values, were digitized and converted to absorbances by this microscope-microcomputer system. This computer program was written in BASIC and consists of three subroutines, i.e. analogue/digital conversion, reading data into a diskette, and processing parts. The absorbances thus obtained were then summarized as frequency histograms with sample numbers, mean values, variances and standard deviations for every morphological cell types on CRT (Cathode Ray Tube). Possible applications and limitations of this system were described

<Note>Fiber Length Measuring System with a Digitizer and a Microcomputer

この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました。A fiber length measuring system was constructed and totally examined. The system is consisted of a projecting apparatus and a digitizer connected with a 8-bit microcomputer. They are supported by softwares listed in this paper. Their functions are briefly summarized as follows. Fiber lengths are recorded both on a printer and on a diskette by means of tracing fiber images which projected on the digitizer. The recorded lengths in a sample lot are then processed to a mean, minimum and maximum length, variance, standard deviation, and frequency distribution of the length at 0.3 mm intervals. These statistical values, including a mean of fiber lengths, in respective samples are automatically plotted against tree ages. In addition, the frequency distribution at every annual rings are printed in a three-dimensional manner. This system was effective and accurate enough (resolution ca. 0.2mm on a sample specimen) for measuring fiber length, and was able to be constructed at a reasonable price

Anatomical Studies on the Wood of Japanese Quercus II. On Subgenus Cyclobalanopsis (Kashi group)

Among the Japanese species of genus Quercus, seven representative species of subgenus Cyclobalanopsis, i.e. Q. acuta (Akagashi), Q. gilva (Ichiigashi), Q. myrsinaefolia (Shirakashi), Q. paucidentata (Tsukubanegashi), Q. stenophylla (Urajirogashi), Q. glauca (Arakashi) and Q. Hondai (Hanagagashi) were studied wood anatomically, and: 1. Minute descriptions on the wood anatomical characteristics of each species were given. 2. The processes of the ontogenetic development of the primary broad rays were investigated and it was known that all the species take one and the same process as a principle. 3. The Japanese species of subgenus Cyclobalanopsis are monotypic in wood structure, while the wood of sections ILEX and SUBER of subgenus Lepidobalanus are common with those of subgenus Cyclobalanopsis in their structure, suggesting the near relation of these two sections and subgenus Cyclobalanopsis. 4. The tracheally elements of Q. Hondai are considerably thinner walled. This feature may have some influences upon the wood technological characteristics of this species among the species of this subgenus. 5. A key to the above mentioned seven species based on the wood anatomical characteristics is presented.前報に於て述べた如く日本産カシ属樹種は全てLepidobalanus亜属（ナラ類）とCyclobalanopsis亜属（カシ類）に含まれている。此の中Lepidobalanus亜属については前報においてその木材解剖学的性質を検討したのであるが，本報告においては引続きCyclobalanopsis亜属について検討した。Lepidobalanus亜属が北半球温帯に広く分布し分類学的にも六ツの節（section）に分たれて可成り複雑なグループであるのに対して，Cyclobalanopsis亜属はその分布が東亜及びマレイシヤに限られ分類学的にも比較的単純なグループで前者の如く幾つかの節に分けるという様な事は行われていない。更に此のCyclobalanopsis亜属は1886年にOERSTEDTによつてQuercus属から分離され独立のCyclobalanopsis属として取扱われており，之は現在大部分の日本の分類学者によつて認められている。然しながら筆者は後に述べる理由によCyclobalanopsisを亜属として取扱つた

On the Vascular System of the Node and the Leaf of Genus Quercus

The vascular system of the node and the leaf was investigated on the Japanese species of genus Quercus. Although the nodal anatomy of the Quercus was stereotyped and constant throughout the genus, having trilacunar node with 2/5 phyllotaxis, there were two significant trends of structural specialization of the vascular system of the petiole and lamina. These trends were parallel to the two major types of wood structure of the genus which were indicated by the author in the previous papers.著者は前の報告（7，8）で日本産Quercus属の木材の比較解剖を行い，これらの樹種の間の類縁関係について木材解剖学的性質の立場から簡単な論議を行つたが，今回は引続きQuercus属の解剖学的研究の一段階として葉の維管束組織を第I表に示す樹種について観察を行い，次の様な結果を得た。1　Quercus属の節（node）の部分の維管束の構造は属全体を通じて変化がなく，Fig. 1，a，b，cに示す様に3ケ所の葉隙から夫々1ケ宛の葉跡条が出る所謂trilacunar型を示し，Fig. 1，aに数字で示した様な関係位置で2/5の葉序を示す。2　葉柄及び葉の中肋の維管束の性質によつて日本産Quercus属は二つのグループに分けられる。即ち第一のグループにおいては，葉柄の基部から中肋の先端にかけて維管束の配列はFig. 1，d，e，f，g，h，g，f，iの順を追つて変化し，葉脈の末端の状態はPl. XI，3，4，5に示す様に完全な網目構造をなして遊離脈が存在しない。さらに之等の維管束の導管はPl. XI，8の如く単一穿孔を有する。之に対し第二のグループでは，維管束の配列はFig. 1，d，e，f，g’，h’，g’，f，iの順を追つて変化し，葉脈の末端はPl. XI，6，7に見られる様に樹枝状に分岐して終つており完全な網目構造をなしていない。又之等の維管束の導管はPl. XI，9の如く階段状穿孔を有する。第一のグループにはCyclobalanopsis亜属の全樹種の他にLepidobalanus亜属の中ウバメガシ及びコルクガシが含まれ，第二のグループには前記2種を除いたLepidobalanus亜属の全樹種が含まれる。この2ツのグループの区分は，前の報告で示した木材解剖学的性質による区分と全く一致しており，前の報告で行つた之等の樹種の類縁関係に関する論議は更に一つの裏づけを得た事になる。3　クヌギ及びアベマキは木材解剖学的性質においてはErythrobalanus亜属の型を示し，他のLepidobalanus亜属と判然と区別されたが，葉の維管束の性質では此の様な区別は認められなかつた。今回の観察にはErythrobalanus亜属の樹種を含める事が出来なかつたので，それ等が上記第二のグループとの間に差異を有するかどうかは不明である。（昭和29年11月東京大学農学部森林植物学教室において

Anatomical Studies on the Wood of Japanese Quercus I. On Subgenus Lepidobalanus (Nara group)

As the first step of the wood-anatomical investigations on genus Quercus, eight Japanese species of subgenus Lepidobalanus, i. e. Q. acutissima (Kunugi), Q. variaoilis (Abemaki), Q. phyiliraeoides (Ubamegashi), Q. crispula (Mizunara), Q. aliena (Naragashiwa), Q. mongolica (Mongorinara), Q. dentata (Kashiwa) and Q. serrata (Konara), are studied wood-anatomically, and:ブナ科木材中先に著者の報告したブナ属（Fagus）以外に最も重要な一群としてカシ属（Quercus）があげられる。カシ属木材は利用上重要であるばかりでなくその木材解剖学的性質には分類学的にも或は系統発生の立場からも多くの興味ある問題が含まれており，特にアメリカに於ける所謂red oak, white oak, live oakに関しては可成り多くの木材解剖学的研究が行われている。然るに日本産カシ属木材に関しては利用上の重要性にも拘らずその木材解剖学的性質の詳細な記載は行われていないのみならず，分類学的にも系統発生的にも詳細な論議は行われていない

On the Behavior of the Vascular Strands at the Cotyledonary- and the First-Node of the Genus Quercus

Nodal anatomy of the cotyledon and the first leaf were studied on twelve representative species of the Japanese Quercus, as an investigation on the ontogenetically earlier stage. The clear classification of the genus Quercus on the basis of the anatomy of adult parts became obscure and a completely different classification was established on the anatomy of the cotyledonary- and the first-node. With some discussions, the author was led to the conclusion that the ontogenetic development of the nodal anatomy, even together with the above-mentioned difference of classifications, much reinforce the phylogenetic relation among the genus Quercus which was suggested by the author on the basis of anatomical characteristics of adult parts previously.著者はすでにカシ属の木材解剖学的性質および成葉の維管束組織について検討し，その亜属および節の間の系統的関連について若干の考察を行った（8）（9）（10）（11）が，さらに考察を進めるためには個体発生の初期の段階あるいは保守的器管の検討が必要である。今回は個体発生の初期の段階として子葉および第一葉の節（node）における維管束の行動についてTable Iに示した12樹種の検討を行った。結果はTable IIに示す通りである。成熟部分（木材および成葉）の解剖学的性質によるカシ属の明確な区分は今回の個体発生初親の段階の検討によってくつがえされ，全く別の区分が考えられた。しかしながら，考察の結果上述の区分の喰違いは，節（node）の部分における維管束型の個体発生的発展の過程と共に，かえって著者（11）がさきに提案したカシ属の亜属および節の類縁関係（Fig.5）にさらに有機的な裏づけをあたえるという結論を得た

Anatomical Studies on the Wood of the Japanese Pasania, Castanea and Castanopsis : With a Key to the 22 Japanese Representative Species of the Fagaceae

As a conclusion of the series of the wood anatomical descriptions on the Japanese Fagaceae (12) (13) (14), five representative species of three genera, i.e. Pasania edulis MAKINO, P. Sieboldiana NAKAI, Castanea crenata S.et Z., Castanopsis cuspidata var. Sieboldii NAKAI and C. cuspidata SCHOTTKY, are minutely described on the wood anatomical characteristics, and some discussions on the relationships of these genera within the family were given, referring to the results obtained on the genera Quercus and Fagus in the preceding papers. Finally, a key to the 22 Japanese representative species of the Fagaceae based on the wood anatomical characteristics is presented.ブナ科の樹木は日本産広葉樹のうちで木材生産樹種として最も重要なグループの一つであり，世界的にはFagus，Quercus（OERSTEDTによればQuercusとCyclobalanopsisに分けられる），Lithocarpus（中井によればLithocarpus，Pasania，CyclobalanusおよびSynaedrysに分けられる），Castanopsis，CastaneaおよびNothofagusの6属乃至10属が含まれるが，そのうちFagus（ブナ属），Quercus（カシ属）（Cyclobalanopsisを含む），Pasania（マテバシイ属），Castanopsis（クリガシ属）およびCastanea（クリ属）の5属が日本に産する。これら日本産5属のうちFagusおよびQuercusについて著者はさきにその木材解剖学的性質の記載および論議を行つたが（12）（13）（14），今回は残る3属すなわちPasania，CastanopsisおよびCastaneaの木材について詳細な記載を行つた

<Original>Morphological Observation of the Calli derived from Four Coniferous Species in vitro

この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました。Callus tissues were derived in vitro from four coniferous species (Cryptomeria japonica, Pinus thunbergii, Ginkgo biloba and Sequoia sempervirens) and the morphological features of the calli were discussed in relation to their growth rates. Xylem and phloem cells differentiated in the calli but these cytodifferentiations were not correlated to growth rate of the calli. On the other hand, the following tissue organizations were correlated to growth rate. High growth rate calli showed a loose intercellular contact and formed no dermal tissue, whereas low growth rate calli formed tight tissues covered with dermal tissues. All calli formed vascular nodules which were categorized into three types, i.e. circular, linear and continuous types. The first one was predominant in high growth rate calli, the frequency of the second one increased as the growth rate became lower, and the third one was formed in the calli which grew extreamly slow. The correlation between tissue organizations and growth rate might be common among species, and the former is controlled by the latte