NATURAL FLAVONOIDS: A NOVEL APPROACH TO BREAST CANCER (REVIEW)

ABSTRACTCancer is a hereditary disease and is caused due to the abnormal growth of the cells. Cancer can be of many forms but the most prevalent is the breast cancer. Breast cancer is the most common among women and can be treated by radiation therapy, surgery, hormone therapy, chemotherapy and natural therapy. The present review presents an overview about the role of flavonoids in curing cancer. This review gives a detailed account of classification of flavonoids. The in vivo and in vitro studies show the action of flavonoids on cancer. Various natural flavonoids can be extracted and can be used for various therapeutic effects apart from cancer.Keywords: Flavonoids, Cancer, Breast Cancer, Classification of flavonoids.Â

SCREENING OF PHYTOCHEMICALS AND BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN PUNICA GRANATUM PEEL TO EVALUATE ITS HEMATOLOGICAL POTENTIAL

Pomegranate has been found to have ethnomedical history and is a rich reservoir of phytochemicals. The present study was carried out for phytochemical analysis in the hydroalcoholic pomegranate peel extracts. Presently phytochemical analysis and analysis of bioactive compounds are done, the pomegranate peel extracts are found to have carbohydrates, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, tannic acids and phenolic compounds. The antioxidant activity, DPPH free radical scavenging activity, nitric oxide radical scavenging activity was analyzed. For good health the quality of blood should be maintained and for this antioxidants may be the key so as to protect the blood from oxidative stress. Thus from the present study it is concluded that pomegranate peel is a rich source of phytochemicals and bioactive compounds such as antioxidants and so can be used for various pharmaceutical and therapeutic purposes like increase in hemoglobin count. Keywords: pomegranate peel, antioxidant activity, DPPH free radical scavenging, nitric oxide radical scavenging, hemoglobin booster

NATURAL FLAVONOIDS: A NOVEL APPROACH TO BREAST CANCER (REVIEW)

Cancer is a hereditary disease and is caused due to the abnormal growth of the cells. Cancer can be of many forms but the most prevalent is the breast cancer. Breast cancer is the most common among women and can be treated by radiation therapy, surgery, hormone therapy, chemotherapy and natural therapy. The present review presents an overview about the role of flavonoids in curing cancer. This review gives a detailed account of classification of flavonoids. The in vivo and in vitro studies show the action of flavonoids on cancer. Various natural flavonoids can be extracted and can be used for various therapeutic effects apart from cancer.Keywords: Flavanoids , Cancer, Breast Cancer, Classification of flavanoid

NATURAL FLAVONOIDS: A NOVEL APPROACH TO BREAST CANCER (REVIEW)

Cancer is a hereditary disease and is caused due to the abnormal growth of the cells. Cancer can be of many forms but the most prevalent is the breast cancer. Breast cancer is the most common among women and can be treated by radiation therapy, surgery, hormone therapy, chemotherapy and natural therapy. The present review presents an overview about the role of flavonoids in curing cancer. This review gives a detailed account of classification of flavonoids. The in vivo and in vitro studies show the action of flavonoids on cancer. Various natural flavonoids can be extracted and can be used for various therapeutic effects apart from cancer.Keywords: Flavanoids , Cancer, Breast Cancer, Classification of flavanoid

Drug utilization pattern and analysis of quality of life in Indian patients of Parkinson’s disease

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a highly debilitating disease characterized by tremors, bradykinesia and rigidity. It leads to lowered self-esteem and psychological consequences which affect quality of life. The aim of this study is to study the drug utilization pattern and assess the quality of life in patients of Parkinson’s Disease.Methods: 40 patients of PD at least 1 month duration and 20 age-based controls were analyzed for quality of life using Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39). Drug prescriptions were analyzed.Results: Mean number of anti-Parkinson drugs prescribed is 2.65±1.21. Of 106 anti-Parkinson drugs prescribed, 45% were levodopa and carbidopa combinations, followed by dopamine agonists (18%), anticholinergic drugs (15%), amantadine (12%), MAO inhibitors (5%) and COMT inhibitors (5%). There were significant problems in speech, performance of daily chores and daytime somnolence (p<0.0001). Depression, isolation, cognitive decline and memory loss were noteworthy in the patients as compared to controls (p<0.05). 25% patients felt embarrassed due to their disease; 59% felt affected by others’ opinion, 60% felt difficulty in communicating with others (p<0.05). Almost 2/3rd patients needed help in personal care as compared to the control group (p<0.0001).Conclusions: Quality of life of parkinsonian patients is severely affected in spite of them receiving a large number of drugs. This may be both due to disease progression as well as medication. Levodopa-carbidopa combination is the most prescribed medication. Use of levodopa and carbidopa combination must be evaluated properly. Newer guidelines and interventions are the need of the hour which may provide a better outcome on the quality of life of parkinsonian patients

Twelve-month observational study of children with cancer in 41 countries during the COVID-19 pandemic

Introduction Childhood cancer is a leading cause of death. It is unclear whether the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted childhood cancer mortality. In this study, we aimed to establish all-cause mortality rates for childhood cancers during the COVID-19 pandemic and determine the factors associated with mortality. Methods Prospective cohort study in 109 institutions in 41 countries. Inclusion criteria: children &lt;18 years who were newly diagnosed with or undergoing active treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, retinoblastoma, Wilms tumour, glioma, osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, medulloblastoma and neuroblastoma. Of 2327 cases, 2118 patients were included in the study. The primary outcome measure was all-cause mortality at 30 days, 90 days and 12 months. Results All-cause mortality was 3.4% (n=71/2084) at 30-day follow-up, 5.7% (n=113/1969) at 90-day follow-up and 13.0% (n=206/1581) at 12-month follow-up. The median time from diagnosis to multidisciplinary team (MDT) plan was longest in low-income countries (7 days, IQR 3-11). Multivariable analysis revealed several factors associated with 12-month mortality, including low-income (OR 6.99 (95% CI 2.49 to 19.68); p&lt;0.001), lower middle income (OR 3.32 (95% CI 1.96 to 5.61); p&lt;0.001) and upper middle income (OR 3.49 (95% CI 2.02 to 6.03); p&lt;0.001) country status and chemotherapy (OR 0.55 (95% CI 0.36 to 0.86); p=0.008) and immunotherapy (OR 0.27 (95% CI 0.08 to 0.91); p=0.035) within 30 days from MDT plan. Multivariable analysis revealed laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR 5.33 (95% CI 1.19 to 23.84); p=0.029) was associated with 30-day mortality. Conclusions Children with cancer are more likely to die within 30 days if infected with SARS-CoV-2. However, timely treatment reduced odds of death. This report provides crucial information to balance the benefits of providing anticancer therapy against the risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children with cancer

Case Report - A case of autoimmune myopathy in pregnancy

Autoimmune diseases are not found frequently with pregnancy in clinical practice. Polymyositis Dermatomyositis have a prevalence of 2.4-10.7/ 100,000 in general population. This is further low in pregnant women. It is associated with 57% perinatal morbidity and increased maternal and fetal mortality. Literature suggests that pregnancy outcomes are poorer if it manifests early in gestation while development or exacerbation in second or third trimester is associated with a better fetal prognosis. Not many case reports are published where the disease was diagnosed in third trimester. We present a case detected in third trimester, which was initially mistaken as a case of allergic reaction, however timely diagnosis and adequate management resulted in good fetal and maternal outcome

The Applicability of New Orleans Criteria for Head Computed Tomography in Inpatient Falls With Injury

Background: Inpatient falls are a patient safety concern. Limited data exist on the utility of head computed tomography (CT) for inpatient falls. The New Orleans Criteria (NOC) is a validated tool to determine the appropriateness of neuroimaging in the emergency department for falls with minor head injury. This study aimed to evaluate whether the NOC could be applied to inpatient falls. Methods: This retrospective cohort study assessed 1 year of inpatient falls with injury at 5 inpatient facilities. Records were reviewed for demographic data, fall circumstances, laboratory results, components of the NOC, and head CT results. Cohorts included positive NOC (≥1 NOC finding) and negative NOC. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for the NOC alone, NOC plus coagulopathy, and NOC or coagulopathy for acute intracranial process. Results: Of 332 inpatient falls with injury, 188 (57%) received a head CT. Of the 250 (75.3%) NOC-positive cases, 159 (63.6%) received a head CT. Of all patients who received a head CT, 7 (2.1%) showed a significant acute intracranial process. The NOC was positive in 6 of the 7 cases (sensitivity 85.7% and specificity 23.8%); the other case had a significant coagulopathy. New Orleans Criteria or coagulopathy had 100% sensitivity and 23.4% specificity. Conclusions: Our findings show that use of the NOC to evaluate potential intracranial injury in inpatient falls is limited. Adding criteria to the NOC may improve its test characteristics, with a sensitivity of 100% for the NOC or coagulopathy, suggesting potential clinical utility

Fabrication and functionalization of magnesium nanoparticle for lipase immobilization in n-propyl gallate synthesis

An extracellular lipase partially purified from Bacillus thermoamylovorans BHK67 was effectively immobilized onto modified magnetic MgFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs). NPs were prepared by the sol-gel auto-combustion method and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Ultra-Violet–Visible Spectroscopy (UV–vis) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Protein loading reached a saturated amount of about 0.20 mg lipase per milligram of MgFe2O4 NPs with 78.9% binding efficiency. The NPs-bound lipase also showed stability following exposure to n-propanol and iso-propanol or FeCl2 and MgCl2 metal ions at (1 mM) at 55 °C. NPs-bound lipase also retained 50% of its original hydrolytic activity even after 8th cycle, as well as after 12 h of incubation at 55 °C. NPs-bound lipase in an esterification reaction of n-propanol and gallic acid (25 mM) performed for 12 h at 55 °C produced n-propyl gallate with a conversion rate of 82%. Synthesized n-propyl gallate possessed strong antioxidant activity, which was confirmed by DPPH assay, and in addition has anticancerous activity which was tested on a human L132 cell line