SYNTHESIS AND ANTIBACTERIAL SCREENING OF FEW NEW 5-MEMBERED HETEROCYCLIC SUGAR HYDRAZONES

Objective: The aim of this study is to synthesize, characterize, and screen some new 5-membered heterocyclic sugar hydrazones for their antibacterialactivities.Methods: A library of sugar hydrazones containing 2-benzofuryl, 2-thiophenyl, and 2-pyrrolyl motifs were synthesized. Structures of the newlysynthesized compounds were deduced based on spectral data and elemental analyses.Results: Antibacterial activity was screened against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. Results were compared to gentamicin.Compound 6a exhibited most potent antibacterial activity against all the tested strains.Conclusion: 2-benzofuryl derivatives were observed to be good antibacterials.Keywords: Benzofuran, Thiophene, Pyrrole, Antibacterial, Sugar

GESTURE BASED TOUCHPAD SECURITY SYSTEM WITH DESIGN OF TOUCH SCREEN CONTROLLER

The purpose of the project is to present a new approach on the design of security systems by using a touch sensitive device. Security is a permanent concern in a variety of environments ranging from physical access restriction in home and industrial settings to information security in digital systems. Numeric passwords, fingerprint recognition, and many other techniques have been extensively implemented in the past but they present certain drawbacks. The proposed technique makes use of a touch device to recognize symbols as passwords and takes time into account to add a new dimension and prevent password theft. We implemented a prototype that demonstrates the capabilities of the proposed security approach by showing one direct application in physical access restriction systems

Improvement in Techniques of Reservoir Lining BSE Type of Reservoir Lining

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Integrating artificial intelligence for knowledge management systems – synergy among people and technology: a systematic review of the evidence

This paper analyses Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Knowledge Management (KM) and focuses primarily on examining to what degree AI can help companies in their efforts to handle information and manage knowledge effectively. A search was carried out for relevant electronic bibliographic databases and reference lists of relevant review articles. Articles were screened and the eligibility was based on participants, procedures, comparisons, outcomes (PICO) model, and criteria for PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews). The results reveal that knowledge management and AI are interrelated fields as both are intensely connected to knowledge; the difference reflects in how – while AI offers machines the ability to learn, KM offers a platform to better understand knowledge. The research findings further point out that communication, trust, information systems, incentives or rewards, and the structure of an organization; are related to knowledge sharing in organizations. This systematic literature review is the first to throw light on KM practices & the knowledge cycle and how the integration of AI aids knowledge management systems, enterprise performance & distribution of knowledge within the organization. The outcomes offer a better understanding of efficient and effective knowledge resource management for organizational advantage. Future research is necessary on smart assistant systems thus providing social benefits that strengthen competitive advantage. This study indicates that organizations must take note of definite KM leadership traits and organizational arrangements to achieve stable performance through KM

Prevalence of surgical site infection post caesarean with increased patient load during COVID-19 pandemic in tertiary care centre

Background: Increased referrals and workload during the pandemic lead to overcrowding in hospitals and increase in LSCS rates. Surgical site infection is one of the most common complication post LSCS causing physical and mental duress to the patients. The objective of the study was to analyse the effect of COVID-19 on SSI, the incidence, commonly associated factors and bacteriology of SSI. The design was prospective study design.Methods: 577 patients undergoing LSCS were studied from Day 1 till 30 days post LSCS from 1st August 2020 to 31st October 2020.Results: Out of 577, 28 (4.85%) patients developed SSI. 60% of SSI in our study were unbooked, 50% had haemoglobin less than 9.9 g/dl. Most common risk factor for developing of SSI included pre-eclampsia (32.14%) followed by previous LSCS (28.57%). Common organism isolate was MRSA (25%) and 75% required surgical management.Conclusions: Regular ANC visits can help in managing comorbidities at an earlier stage leading to reduction in SSI. Strict aseptic precautions should be followed to reduce SSI in cases with PROM and second stage arrest. SSI rate is not influenced by COVID-19 status but hospital facilities and overcrowding definitely have an effect

Induction properties of propofol and etomida: a clinical comparative study

Background: Propofol is a non-opioid, non-barbiturate, sedative hypnotic agent with rapid onset and short duration of action. However induction of anaesthesia with propofol is associated with pain on injection and dose dependent hypotension especially in patients above 50 years and with pre-induction hypotension. Objective of the study was to compare the induction properties, hemodynamic variables and side effects of etomidate and propofol during induction of general anaesthesia.Methods: 60 patients undergoing elective surgeries under general anaesthesia were randomly allocated into group P (n=30) who received propofol and group E (n=30) who received etomidate as intravenous induction agents. Induction time, hemodynamic variables like pulse rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean blood pressure following induction were recorded. Side effects like pain on injection and myoclonus were noted.Results: In this study we found that the onset of induction, pain on injection and incidence of myoclonus were statistically insignificant in both groups. Increase in pulse rate was statistically significant in propofol at 1 and 3 mins when compared with etomidate. Fall in mean arterial pressure at 1 min was statistically significant with etomidate and with propofol at 3 and 5 min.Conclusions: Etomidate was a better alternative as an intravenous induction agent when compared with propofol

Investigating The Prevalence and Management of Pain and Discomfort Associated with Prosthodontic Appliances

Background: This study investigates the prevalence and management of pain and discomfort associated with prosthodontic appliances, including dentures, crowns, bridges, and dental implants, among a diverse sample of 500 participants. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted, collecting data on demographic characteristics, prevalence, and severity of pain and discomfort, and management strategies. Statistical analysis, including chi-square tests and logistic regression, was used to explore associations. Results: Dentures had the highest prevalence of pain and discomfort (45%), followed by crowns (30%), bridges (22%), and dental implants (18%). Mean severity scores were highest for dental implants (4.5), followed by dentures (5.2), bridges (4.1), and crowns (3.8). Demographics, including age, gender, education level, and socioeconomic status, influenced these experiences. Conclusion: The study highlights the need for individualized care and patient education, especially for procedures associated with higher discomfort levels. It underscores the importance of considering patient expectations and tailoring treatment recommendations. Further research should explore factors contributing to pain and discomfort and the effectiveness of management strategies

Role of CYP1B1, MYOC, OPTN and OPTC genes in adult-onset primary open-angle glaucoma: predominance of CYP1B1 mutations in Indian patients

Mutations in the CYP1B1, MYOC, OPTN, and WDR36 genes result in glaucoma. Given its expression in the optic nerve, it is likely a mutation in the OPTC gene is also involved in initiating glaucoma. This study was designed to evaluate the involvement of the CYP1B1, MYOC, OPTN, and OPTC genes in the etiology of adult-onset primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) found in 251 Indian patients

Interactome Networks of FOSL1 and FOSL2 in Human Th17 Cells

Dysregulated function of Th17 cells has implications in immunodeficiencies and autoimmune disorders. Th17 cell differentiation is orchestrated by a complex network of transcription factors, including several members of the activator protein (AP-1) family. Among the latter, FOSL1 and FOSL2 modulate the effector functions of Th17 cells. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects are unclear, owing to the poorly characterized protein interaction networks of FOSL factors. Here, we establish the first interactomes of FOSL1 and FOSL2 in human Th17 cells, using affinity purification–mass spectrometry analysis. In addition to the known JUN proteins, we identified several novel binding partners of FOSL1 and FOSL2. Gene ontology analysis found a significant fraction of these interactors to be associated with RNA-binding activity, which suggests new mechanistic links. Intriguingly, 29 proteins were found to share interactions with FOSL1 and FOSL2, and these included key regulators of Th17 fate. We further validated the binding partners identified in this study by using parallel reaction monitoring targeted mass spectrometry and other methods. Our study provides key insights into the interaction-based signaling mechanisms of FOSL proteins that potentially govern Th17 cell differentiation and associated pathologies. </p

Upregulation of ASCL1 and inhibition of Notch signaling pathway characterize progressive astrocytoma

Astrocytoma is the most common type of brain cancer constituting more than half of all brain tumors. With an aim to identify markers describing astrocytoma progression, we have carried out microarray analysis of astrocytoma samples of different grades using cDNA microarray containing 1152 cancer-specific genes. Data analysis identified several differentially regulated genes between normal brain tissue and astrocytoma as well as between grades II/III astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM; grade IV). We found several genes known to be involved in malignancy including Achaete-scute complex-like 1 (Drosophila) (ASCL1; Hash 1). As ASCL has been implicated in neuroendocrine, medullary thyroid and small-cell lung cancers, we chose to examine the role of ASCL1 in the astrocytoma development. Our data revealed that ASCL1 is overexpressed in progressive astrocytoma as evidenced by increased levels of ASCL1 transcripts in 85.71% (6/7) of grade II diffuse astrocytoma (DA), 90% (9/10) of grade III anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) and 87.5% (7/8) of secondary GBMs, while the majority of primary de novo GBMs expressed similar to or less than normal brain levels (66.67%; 8/12). ASCL1 upregulation in progressive astrocytoma is accompanied by inhibition of Notch signaling as seen by uninduced levels of HES1, a transcriptional target of Notch1, increased levels of HES6, a dominant-negative inhibitor of HES1-mediated repression of ASCL1, and increased levels of Notch ligand Delta1, which is capable of inhibiting Notch signaling by forming intracellular Notch ligand autonomous complexes. Our results imply that inhibition of Notch signaling may be an important early event in the development of grade II DA and subsequent progression to grade III AA and secondary GBM. Furthermore, ASCL1 appears to be a putative marker to distinguish primary GBM from secondary GBM