1,145 research outputs found
Enumeration of distinct mechanically stable disk packings in small systems
We create mechanically stable (MS) packings of bidisperse disks using an
algorithm in which we successively grow or shrink soft repulsive disks followed
by energy minimization until the overlaps are vanishingly small. We focus on
small systems because this enables us to enumerate nearly all distinct MS
packings. We measure the probability to obtain a MS packing at packing fraction
and find several notable results. First, the probability is highly
nonuniform. When averaged over narrow packing fraction intervals, the most
probable MS packing occurs at the highest and the probability decays
exponentially with decreasing . Even more striking, within each
packing-fraction interval, the probability can vary by many orders of
magnitude. By using two different packing-generation protocols, we show that
these results are robust and the packing frequencies do not change
qualitatively with different protocols.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, Conference Proceedings for X International
Workshop on Disordered System
Even faster sorting of (not only) integers
In this paper we introduce RADULS2, the fastest parallel sorter based on
radix algorithm. It is optimized to process huge amounts of data making use of
modern multicore CPUs. The main novelties include: extremely optimized
algorithm for handling tiny arrays (up to about a hundred of records) that
could appear even billions times as subproblems to handle and improved
processing of larger subarrays with better use of non-temporal memory stores
A more representative chamber: representation and the House of Lords
Since 1997 there has been substantive reform of the House of Lords in an effort to make the chamber ‘more democratic and more representative’. Whilst the Labour government failed to press ahead with any of the proposed plans for further reform following the removal of the bulk of the hereditary peers in 1999, it remained committed to the notion that such reform must make the second chamber ‘more representative’. The coalition government's programme advocates a long-term aspiration for a House wholly or mainly elected on the basis of proportional representation, and a short-term approach based on additional appointments to ensure a balance of the parties. What is clear in all of these proposals for reform is a desire for the House of Lords to become more representative than it is at present. However, what is less clear is what is meant by ‘representative’ – who the House of Lords is supposed to represent, and what form representation will take. Moreover, in proposing to make the chamber more representative, either through appointment or election, little attention has been paid to how the current House of Lords provides representation. This article examines these questions in the context of Pitkin's classic conceptions of representation and peers' attitudes towards their own representative rol
Energy landscapes, ideal glasses, and their equation of state
Using the inherent structure formalism originally proposed by Stillinger and
Weber [Phys. Rev. A 25, 978 (1982)], we generalize the thermodynamics of an
energy landscape that has an ideal glass transition and derive the consequences
for its equation of state. In doing so, we identify a separation of
configurational and vibrational contributions to the pressure that corresponds
with simulation studies performed in the inherent structure formalism. We
develop an elementary model of landscapes appropriate to simple liquids which
is based on the scaling properties of the soft-sphere potential complemented
with a mean-field attraction. The resulting equation of state provides an
accurate representation of simulation data for the Lennard-Jones fluid,
suggesting the usefulness of a landscape-based formulation of supercooled
liquid thermodynamics. Finally, we consider the implications of both the
general theory and the model with respect to the so-called Sastry density and
the ideal glass transition. Our analysis shows that a quantitative connection
can be made between properties of the landscape and a simulation-determined
Sastry density, and it emphasizes the distinction between an ideal glass
transition and a Kauzmann equal-entropy condition.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figure
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Application of Argonne's Glass Furnace Model to Longhor Glass Corporation Oxy-Fuel Furnace for the Production of Amber Glass.
The objective of this project is to apply the Argonne National Laboratory's Glass Furnace Model (GFM) to the Longhorn oxy-fuel furnace to improve energy efficiency and to investigate the transport of gases released from the batch/melt into the exhaust. The model will make preliminary estimates of the local concentrations of water, carbon dioxide, elemental oxygen, and other subspecies in the entire combustion space as well as the concentration of these species in the furnace exhaust gas. This information, along with the computed temperature distribution in the combustion space may give indications on possible locations of crown corrosion. An investigation into the optimization of the furnace will be performed by varying several key parameters such as the burner firing pattern, exhaust number/size, and the boost usage (amount and distribution). Results from these parametric studies will be analyzed to determine more efficient methods of operating the furnace that reduce crown corrosion. Finally, computed results from the GFM will be qualitatively correlated to measured values, thus augmenting the validation of the GFM
On the Wang-Landau Method for Off-Lattice Simulations in the "Uniform" Ensemble
We present a rigorous derivation for off-lattice implementations of the
so-called "random-walk" algorithm recently introduced by Wang and Landau [PRL
86, 2050 (2001)]. Originally developed for discrete systems, the algorithm
samples configurations according to their inverse density of states using
Monte-Carlo moves; the estimate for the density of states is refined at each
simulation step and is ultimately used to calculate thermodynamic properties.
We present an implementation for atomic systems based on a rigorous separation
of kinetic and configurational contributions to the density of states. By
constructing a "uniform" ensemble for configurational degrees of freedom--in
which all potential energies, volumes, and numbers of particles are equally
probable--we establish a framework for the correct implementation of simulation
acceptance criteria and calculation of thermodynamic averages in the continuum
case. To demonstrate the generality of our approach, we perform sample
calculations for the Lennard-Jones fluid using two implementation variants and
in both cases find good agreement with established literature values for the
vapor-liquid coexistence locus.Comment: 21 pages, 4 figure
Space of opposition: activism and deliberation in post-apartheid environmental politics
Drawing on recent political theory that examines the relationship between inclusive deliberation and oppositional activism in processes of democratisation, we develop a case study of environmental justice mobilisation in post-apartheid South Africa. We focus on the emergence of a network of social movement organisations embedded in particular localities in the city of Durban, connected into national and transnational campaigns, and centred on grievances around industrial air pollution. We analyse how the geographies of uneven industrial and urban development in Durban combine with sedimented place-based histories of activism to make particular locations spaces of democratic contention, in which the scope and operation of formal democratic procedures are challenged and transformed. We examine the range of strategic engagements adopted by social movement organisations in pursuing their objectives, looking in particular at the dynamic interaction between inclusion in deliberative forums and more adversarial, activist strategies of legal challenge and dramaturgical protest. We identify the key organisational features of groups involved in this environmental justice network, which both enable and constrain particular patterns of democratic engagement with the state and capital. We also identify a disjuncture between the interpretative frames of different actors involved in participatory policy making. These factors help to explain the difficulties faced by social movement organisations in opening up the space for legitimate nonparliamentary opposition in a political culture shaped by norms of conciliation and consensus
Using airborne LiDAR Survey to explore historic-era archaeological landscapes of Montserrat in the eastern Caribbean
This article describes what appears to be the first archaeological application of airborne LiDAR survey to historic-era landscapes in the Caribbean archipelago, on the island of Montserrat. LiDAR is proving invaluable in extending the reach of traditional pedestrian survey into less favorable areas, such as those covered by dense neotropical forest and by ashfall from the past two decades of active eruptions by the Soufrière Hills volcano, and to sites in localities that are inaccessible on account of volcanic dangers. Emphasis is placed on two aspects of the research: first, the importance of ongoing, real-time interaction between the LiDAR analyst and the archaeological team in the field; and second, the advantages of exploiting the full potential of the three-dimensional LiDAR point cloud data for purposes of the visualization of archaeological sites and features
Antibody responses to avian influenza viruses in wild birds broaden with age
For viruses such as avian influenza, immunity within a host population can drive the emergence of new strains by selecting for viruses with novel antigens that avoid immune recognition. The accumulation of acquired immunity with age is hypothesized to affect how influenza viruses emerge and spread in species of different lifespans. Despite its importance for understanding the behaviour of avian influenza viruses, little is known about age-related accumulation of immunity in the virus's primary reservoir, wild birds. To address this, we studied the age structure of immune responses to avian influenza virus in a wild swan population (Cygnus olor), before and after the population experienced an outbreak of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza in 2008. We performed haemagglutination inhibition assays on sampled sera for five avian influenza strains and show that breadth of response accumulates with age. The observed age-related distribution of antibody responses to avian influenza strains may explain the age-dependent mortality observed during the highly pathogenic H5N1 outbreak. Age structures and species lifespan are probably important determinants of viral epidemiology and virulence in birds
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