Fermented wheat germ extract - nutritional supplement or anticancer drug?

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Fermented wheat germ extract (FWGE) is a multisubstance composition and, besides others, contains 2-methoxy benzoquinone and 2, 6-dimethoxy benzoquinone which are likely to exert some of its biological effects. FWGE interferes with anaerobic glycolysis, pentose cycle and ribonucleotide reductase. It has significant antiproliferative effects and kills tumor cells by the induction of apoptosis via the caspase-poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase-pathway. FWGE interacts synergistically with a variety of different anticancer drugs and exerted antimetastatic properties in mouse models. In addition, FWGE modulates immune response by downregulation of MHC-I complex and the induction of TNF-α and various interleukins. Data in the F-344 rat model provide evidence for a colon cancer preventing effect of FWGE.</p> <p>Clinical data from a randomized phase II trial in melanoma patients indicate a significant benefit for patients treated with dacarbazine in combination with FWGE in terms of progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Similarly, data from studies in colorectal cancer suggested a benefit of FWGE treatment. Besides extension of OS and PFS, FWGE improved the quality of life in several studies.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In conclusion, available data so far, justify the use of FWGE as a non-prescription medical nutriment for cancer patients. Further randomized, controlled and large scale clinical studies are mandatory, to further clarify the value of FWGE as a drug component of future chemotherapy regimens.</p

Behavioral characteristics of severely obese patients seeking bariatric surgery: cross-sectional study with alimentary interview.

The authors' aim in this study was to gain insight on the eating behaviors of severely obese patients seeking bariatric surgery. The authors compared anthropometric and alimentary interview data on 50 patients applying for biliopancreatic diversion with data obtained from 50 severely obese individuals enrolling in a behavior modification weight-loss program. The severely obese patients seeking bariatric surgery were metabolically more compromised than were their counterparts enrolled in the conservative treatment group, whereas the latter more often reported compromised eating behaviors. These unexpected results could reflect changes in the widespread attitudes toward bariatric surgery-that unlike in the past, it is now considered a safe and effective method to treat a serious disease

Nutritional Status and Bone Microarchitecture in a Cohort of Systemic Sclerosis Patients

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective tissue disease characterized by initial microvascular damage, immune system activation and progressive fibrosis with insufficiency of internal organs. Gastrointestinal (GI) involvement is characterized by atrophy of the smooth muscle and small bowel hypomotility, mainly resulting from an autonomic nerve dysfunction. These modifications significantly affect gut transit and nutrient absorption, thus leading to malnutrition deficit induced by malabsorption. Nutritional deficit induced by malabsorption might also lead to bone alterations. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between malnutrition and bone status. Thirty-six postmenopausal female patients fulfilling the ACR 2013 criteria for SSc underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan (DXA) to detect quantitative lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular bone score (TBS) analysis to detect bone quality. Data from DXA also allow to assess body composition and provide several quantitative parameters, including free fat mass index (FFMI) that identifies the patient with malnutrition (values <15 kg/m(2)in women and 17 kg/m(2)in men), according to the ESPEN criteria. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated for all SSc patients and every patient completed a diary reporting GI symptoms. Two groups of SSc patients with or without diagnosed malnutrition according to FFMI parameter were identified. Malnourished SSc patients showed significantly lower weight (p= 0.01) and BMI (p= 0.001), as well as lower serum levels of hemoglobin (p= 0.009), albumin (p= 0.002), PTH (p= 0.02) and 25OH-vitamin D (p= 0.008). DXA analysis showed significantly lower lumbar L1-L4 T-score (p= 0.009) and BMD values (p= 0.029) in malnourished SSc patients. Consistently, TBS values were significantly lower in malnourished patients (p= 0.008) and correlated with BMD (at any site) and serum albumin levels (p= 0.02). In addition, FFMI positively correlated with bone parameters as well as with symptoms of intestinal impairment in malnourished SSc patients. Finally, GI symptoms significantly correlated with BMD but not with TBS. This pilot study shows that in malnourished SSc patients (2015 ESPEN criteria: FFMI<15 kg/m(2)), an altered bone status significantly correlates with GI involvement, in terms of symptoms being mainly due to intestinal involvement together with the presence of selected serum biomarkers of malnutrition