The regulatory roles of phosphatases in cancer

The relevance of potentially reversible post-translational modifications required for controlling cellular processes in cancer is one of the most thriving arenas of cellular and molecular biology. Any alteration in the balanced equilibrium between kinases and phosphatases may result in development and progression of various diseases, including different types of cancer, though phosphatases are relatively under-studied. Loss of phosphatases such as PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10), a known tumour suppressor, across tumour types lends credence to the development of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors alongside the use of phosphatase expression as a biomarker, though phase 3 trial data are lacking. In this review, we give an updated report on phosphatase dysregulation linked to organ-specific malignancies

Study of the hadronic photon structure function F-2(gamma) at LEP

The hadronic photon structure function F-2(gamma) is Studied in the reaction e(+)e(-) --> e(+)e(-) hadrons at LEP with the L3 detector. The data, collected from 1991 to 1995 at a centre-of-mass energy root s similar or equal to 91 GeV, correspond to an integrated luminosity of 140 pb(-1). The photon structure function F-2(gamma) is measured in the Q(2) interval 1.2 GeV2 less than or equal to Q(2) less than or equal to 9.0 GeV2 and the x interval 0.002 < x < 0.2. F-2(gamma) shows a linear growth with lnQ(2). The value of the slope alpha(-1)dF(2)(gamma)(Q(2))/dlnQ(2) is measured to be 0.079 +/- 0.011 +/- 0.009. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved