Potential anesthetic properties of Bay Leaf (Laurus nobilis) essential oil compared with 2-Phenoxyethanol on Blue Dolphin Cichlid, Cyrtocara moorii

The efficacy of Bay leaf (Laurus nobilis) essential oil (LnEO) as a herbal anesthetic agent was evaluated with 2-Phenoxyethanol (2-PE) in Blue Dolphin Cichlid, Cyrtocara moorii. Fish were exposed to different anesthetic concentrations and the lowest effective concentrations (LECs) were determined according to deep anesthesia (AD<3 min) and full recovery (RF<5 min) times. LnEO showed anesthetic properties, and all applied concentrations of both agents induced AD in C. moorii. The LECs of LnEO and 2-PE for C. moorii were determined as 800 μl L-1 (AD; RF → 183 ± 6.3 s; 191 ± 2.6 s) and 600 μl L-1 (AD; RF → 171 ± 3.2 s; 239 ± 4.9 s), respectively. Significant differences were found between anesthetic agents in terms of deep anesthesia and full recovery times for the same concentrations (p<0.05). Induction and recovery times decreased with increasing in LnEO concentrations. On the other hand, anesthesia times were decreased with increasing of 2-PE concentrations, while recovery times increased. Induction and recovery times for LnEO were significantly dependent on concentrations and positive relationships were recorded between AD and RF, whereas the relationship was negative in 2-PE. Bay leaf essential oil has not been used as an anesthetic agent in fish until now. Our results showed that LnEO was an effective anesthetic agent with some minor side effects on C. moorii

The Effects of Probiotic-Prebiotic on the Biomass and Protein Content of Spirulina platensis in Different Temperatures and Illuminations

The blue-green algae Spirulina platensis Geitler 1925 has been used by people since ancient times due to its high protein content. This study was conducted to determine the effect of a Probiotic-Prebiotic (P-P) product, which contains Bifidobacterium infantis, Bifidobacterium thermophilum, Leuconostoc mesenteroides as probiotic bacteria, and beta-glucan and oligosaccharide as a prebiotic mixture on S. platensis. In the study, four groups were one of which was a control. In this study, we investigated whether the P-P product contributed to the biomass development and protein production of S. platensis under different temperatures and lighting conditions. In terms of biomass, the P-P product gave different responses at different temperatures and light intensities, but its results were positive in all groups in terms of protein ratio. The most positive effect on biomass and protein content was in the group where 0.1 ml/L P-P product was added, at 40??C and 3200 lux with 68.71% protein content and an average OD of 0.727

Evaluation of anesthetic potential of rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora) oil as a new anesthetic agent for goldfish (Carassius auratus)

The aim of this research was to investigate the efficacy of rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora) essential oil (EO) as a new herbal anesthetic compared with camphor (Cinnamomum camphora) EO and commonly used chemical agent 2-phenoxyethanol (2-PE) on goldfish (Carassius auratus). The anesthetic efficacies of these herbal EOs and 2-PE were evaluated in goldfish with mean body weight of 7.36 +/- 0.77 g. Fish were exposed to each anesthetic concentrations and the lowest effective concentrations (LECs) were established according to deep anesthesia (A(D) 171 +/- 2.28 s; 297 +/- 7.69 s), 250 mu l L-1 for CP (A(D); R-F -> 129 +/- 4.18 s; 291 +/- 2.81 s) and 700 mu l L-1 for 2-PE (A(D); R-F -> 177 +/- 2.35 s; 214 +/- 4.93 s). At concentrations of 50, 100, 150, 200 mu l L-1 for RD, 50, 100, 150 mu l L-1 for CP and 400, 500 mu l L-1 for 2-PE failed to induce A(D) in goldfish. There were significantly differences found among RD, CP and 2-PE concentrations in terms of induction and recovery times (p < 0.05). The fastest A(D) and R-F were obtained by 300 mu l L-1 CP (120 +/- 1.94 s) and 600 mu l L-1 2-PE (190 +/- 4.34 s), respectively. Fish exposed to 300 mu l L-1 RD and 800 mu l L-1 2-PE took slightly longer to achieve A D than 300 mu l L-1 CP. Induction and recovery times for EOs and 2-PE were significantly dependent on concentrations. Negative relationships was recorded between A(D) and R-F for all anesthetics. No mortality or adverse effects occurred and fish stayed calm during trials. Results showed that RD was found to be an effective anesthetic as well as CP for goldfish and can be used at least 3-fold lower concentrations than 2-PE. In conclusion, rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora) EO, as a new potential anesthetic for fish, proved to be an effective natural agent resulting in rapid induction and recovery